水稻超高产育种的实践与思考

20世纪50年代末广东的籼稻矮化育种，60年代IRRI的“绿色革命”和70年代我国三系杂交籼稻的培育成功，都使水稻每公顷产量成吨增加。前两者高产育种的成功主要是利用了矮秆基因，后者则是利用了杂种优势。在尔后的10～20年里，有利基因的发掘利用和育种途径没有很大的突破，单产徘徊不前。笔者认为，利用籼粳亚种间有利性状的

Practice and Thinking on Rice Breeding for High Yield

Since the great increases of grain yield brought by the dwarf rice and hybrid rice breeding which benefited from using sd-1 gene and heterosis, rice high yield breeding seldom showed significant progress in the next successive two decades. The authors considered that, utilizing heterosis between indica and japonica varities would be an effective approach to increase grain yield further. By practice, a pure line cultivar, Nanjing 35 from a cross of japonica//indica/japonica, was bred and showed yield potential of 9 t/ha in 1970's. In the early 1990's, a typical indica-japonica hybrid, Yayou 2 showed its yield potential high as 10.5 t/ha. However, it failed to be commercialized for its qualifiedness of seed purity by using chemical agent in seed production, and sensitivity of seed set in F 1 to environment conditions. In the past decade, the authors released an intersubspeific hybrid, Liangyoupeijiu (Pei'ai 64S/9311), which exhibited grain yield high as 10-10.5 t/ha in wide climatic planting areas. The hybrid has been planted over 4.5 million ha, and was regarded as the pioneer of super hybrid rice. It would be the main approach for super hybrid rice breeding by using strong heterosis from indica-japonica F 1, together with plant ideotype, active physiological functions, and wide-range adaptability to ecological conditions as well.