热带·亚热带玉米群体改良系主要生物性状分析

目的]为热带、亚热带玉米种质利用提供参考与依据。方法]选择改良苏湾群体的46个株系。收获前调查农艺性状，收获后考察穗部性状。结果]在46个株系中，平均株高为249cm，最高为300cm，最低为195cm。穗位最高为124cm，最低为89cm，平均为108cm。叶片最多为22片，最少为18片，平均为20片。茎杆最粗为3．0cm，最细为1．6cm，平均粗度为1．9cm。穗长最长为19．2cm，最短为11．3cm，平均穗长15．6cm。穗行数最多为17行，最少为13行，平均穗行数为14．5。行粒数最多是38粒，最少是17粒，平均行粒数是30．5粒。最重穗重为190．8g，最轻为68．5g，平均穗重为143．2g。穗重变异系数最大，为19.8％。硬粒型占样本总数的89．1％，籽粒颜色以黄色和橙黄色为主。结论]苏湾群体株系的多数性状符合育种要求。

Analysis on Main Biological Characters of Improved Maize Lines from Tropical and Subtropical Maize Populations

Objective] The aim was to provide the basis for the utilization of the tropical and subtropical maize resource.Method] 46 lines of improved Suwan population were collected.The agronomic character was investigated before harvest and the ear character was studied after harvest.Result] Among 46 lines,the average plant height was 249 cm,the highest was 300 cm and the lowest was 195 cm.The highest ear height was 124 cm and the lowest was 89 cm and the average was 108 cm.The most leaf number was 22,the least was 18 and the average was 20.The thickest stem was 3.0 cm,the thinnest was 1.60 cm and the average was 1.9 cm.The longest ear was 19.2 cm,the shortest was 11.3 cm and the average was 15.6 cm.The most rows per ear were 17,the least was 13 and the average was 14.5.The most grain number per row was 38,the least was 17 and the average was 30.5.The heaviest ear was 190.8 g,the lightest was 68.5 g and the average of ear weight was 143.2 g.The variation coefficient of ear weight was the biggest,being 19.8%.The hard grain type accounted for 89.1% of total examples.Yellow and orange yellow was main color of grain.Conclusion] Most characters of lines from Suwan population fitted for the requirement of breeding.