除草剂随滴灌水施用的除草效果及对烟草生长的影响

为了探讨不同土壤处理除草剂随滴灌水施用的效果,2012—2014年在河南省襄城县优质烟田,对筛选出的5种土壤处理除草剂(50%敌草胺可湿性粉剂、90%双本酰草胺可湿性粉、96%精异丙甲草胺乳油、72%异丙甲草胺乳油和48%甲草胺乳油)进行了试验,施用量均为生产厂家规定的最佳用量,杂草防治对照为微喷灌不喷洒除草剂(CK-1)处理,除草剂施用量对照为随滴灌水不施用除草剂(CK-2)处理。结果表明,随滴灌水施用除草剂处理的杂草防治效果,以CK-1为对照达90.97%以上,以CK-2为对照达72.56%以上,并且除草剂处理在提高烟叶产量、上等烟产量、有效叶片数、叶面积系数方面,与两对照间的差异达到了极显著水平;不同除草剂处理之间,除对株高的影响没有达到显著水平外,对其他性状的影响均达到了显著水平。其中,50%敌草胺可湿性粉剂和96%精异丙甲草胺乳油处理的除草和增产效果均较好,以CK-1为对照的除草效果分别达96.10%和95.36%,以CK-2为对照的除草效果分别达88.15%和85.90%;烟叶产量较CK-1分别提高19.98%和17.28%,较CK-2分别提高7.50%和5.08%;上等烟产量较CK-1分别提高95.30%和82.98%,较CK-2分别提高48.06%和38.71%;同时其烤烟株高、有效叶片数和叶面积系数也较其他3种除草剂处理有不同程度的提高。因此,这5种土壤处理除草剂随滴灌水施用是可行的,既可以有效防止杂草生长,又可显著改善烟草经济和农艺性状,建议豫中烟区随滴灌水施用土壤处理除草剂时首选50%敌草胺可湿性粉剂和96%精异丙甲草胺乳油。

Effects of Herbicides Applied with Drip Irrigation Water on Weeds and Tobacco Growth

To explore the effects of different soil-treatment herbicides application with drip irrigation wa-ter,five kinds of soil-treatment herbicides (50% Napropamide wettable powder,90% Diphenamide wetta-ble powder, 96% S-Metolachlor emulsifiable concentrates, 72% Metolachlor emulsifiable concentrates, 48% Alachlor solution emulsifiable concentrates) were selected to be applied with drip irrigation water in high quality tobacco fields in Xiangcheng county from 2012 to 2014. The application dosages of the herbi-cides were the same as the optimum dosages prescribed by the manufacturers. The check of weed control was micro-spray irrigation with no herbicide application (CK-1),and the check of herbicide application rate was drip irrigation with no herbicide application ( CK-2 ). Results showed that weed control effects of soil-treatment herbicides applied with drip irrigation water were more than 90. 97% to CK-1 and above 72. 56% to CK-2. And the increase of yield,superior yield,leaf number and leaf area index of five herbi-cide treatments reached extremely significant level to both controls ( CK-1 and CK-2 );the effect of diffe rent herbicide treatments on plant height did not reach significant level, but that on other characters ( yield,superior yield,leaf number and leaf area index) reached significant level. Among the five kinds of herbicide treatments,the effects of 50% Napropamide wettable powder and 96% S-Metolachlor emulsifia-ble concentrates on weeds and tobacco leaf production were better. The weed control effects were 96. 10%and 95. 36% respectively to CK-1,88. 15% and 85. 90% respectively to CK-2. Tobacco leaf yields were increased by 19. 98% and 17. 28% respectively to CK-1,7. 50% and 5. 08% respectively to CK-2,and superior tobacco yields were increased by 95. 30% and 82. 98% respectively to CK-1, 48. 06% and 38. 71% respectively to CK-2. At the same time the tobacco plant height,leaf number and leaf area index of them were also increased at different degree to the other three kinds of herbicides. So,applying the five kinds of soil-treatment herbicides with drip irrigation water is feasible,which can effectively control weeds and significantly increase tobacco economic and agronomic levels. It is suggested that 50% Napropamide wettable powders and 96% S-Metolachlor emulsifiable concentrates should firstly be preferred as soil-treatment herbicides applied with drip irrigation water in tobacco fields of central Henan province.