PAM调控土壤养分元素迁移与流失试验研究

目的]研究聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)对氮磷钾素在砂土中的迁移和淋溶损失的影响,为探索PAM对控制养分元素的迁移、淋溶损失,提高水肥利用率的作用机制提供理论依据。方法]采用室内土柱模拟淋溶试验,共设置5个不同质量分数水平(0,0.02%,0.05%,0.1%和0.2%)的阴离子型聚丙烯酰胺处理组,观察PAM对氮磷钾淋溶和迁移的影响。结果]PAM能降低土壤淋溶液中的氮浓度,各PAM处理组与对照组相比,土壤淋溶液中氮浓度降低了28.8%~45.5%,同时能抑制土壤中的氮向下迁移;PAM促进了土壤对氮的吸附与固定,各处理组土壤中的氮含量与对照组相比增加了135.2%~285.7%;PAM能够降低土壤淋溶液中的钾浓度,各PAM处理组与对照组相比,土壤淋溶液中钾浓度降低了33.2%~51.8%,同时能抑制土壤中的钾向下迁移;PAM促进了土壤对钾的吸附与固定,各处理组土壤中的钾含量与对照组相比增加了42.5%~65.7%;PAM不能减少土壤溶液中磷的淋溶损失,对土壤吸附固定磷没有明显的作用,反而减弱了土壤对磷的吸附固定能力。结论]土壤中施加PAM能有效减少氮、钾在土壤中的淋溶损失,增加土壤对氮、钾的保持固定作用,但对磷的作用效果并不理想。

Regulation and Control of PAM on Vertical Transport and Leaching Loss of Soil Nutrient

Objective] The effects of polyacrylamide(PAM) on the migration and leaching loss of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in sandy soil were investigated to provide a more accurate scientific basis about how PAM acts in the migration and leaching loss of soil nutrient and for the improvement of water and fertilizer use efficiency.Methods] A laboratory soil column experiment was conducted in the study. Four PAM application rates, 0.02%, 0.05%, 0.1% and 0.2% were tested against the control of containing no PAM.Results] PAM effectively reduced the nitrogen leaching loss in soil. The leachate soluble N concentration was reduced by 28.8%~45.5% in comparison with the value of the control. The effectiveness of this action increased with the increasing rate of applied PAM. PAM clogged the natural flow path of soil solutions and therefore restrained nitrogen migration. PAM enhanced nitric absorption and immobility in the soil. The N concentration increased by 135.2%~285.7% when compared with the control value. PAM effectively reduced the potassium leaching loss in soil. The leachate soluble K concentration was reduced by 33.2%~51.8% in comparison with control value. PAM clogged the natural flow path of soil solutions, and therefore restrained potassium migration. PAM enhanced potassium absorption and its immobility in the soil. The K concentration increased by 42.5%~65.7% in comparison with the control value. The effectiveness of this action was increased with the increasing application rate of PAM. The 0.1% PAM treatment generated better results than those of others. In contrast, PAM did not reduce leachate soluble P concentration in comparison with the control. PAM affected both the phosphorus absorption and the immobility in the soil and the P concentration was decreased by 1.4%~14.3% in comparison with the control.Conclusion] PAM effectively reduced the nitrogen and potassium leaching loss, and restrained nitrogen and potassium migration in soil. The effect of PAM on the reducing of phosphorus leaching loss was not observed.