休耕和种植作物对黑麻土壤肥力的影响

为了明确不同茬口土壤养分的固持残留水平,建立高效合理的轮作顺序以解决连作再植障碍问题。2018年在甘肃定西渭源县莲峰镇绽坡村随机区组设计、“S”形取样休耕1季、种植1季春小麦、马铃薯、蒙古黄芪和当归后0-20 cm层次的黑麻土壤,测定土壤全量、速效养分和阴阳离子含量。结果表明:休耕1季和种植1季蒙古黄芪增加了0-20 cm层次土壤的有机质、全氮、速效磷、速效钾、阴阳离子、Mg^2+、SO4^2-和Cl^-含量,种植1季当归降低了0-20 cm层次土壤的有机质、全氮、速效磷、速效钾、阴阳离子、Mg^2+、SO4^2-和Cl^-含量。方差分析显示,休耕1季和种植1季蒙古黄芪后0-20 cm层次黑麻土壤的有机质、全氮、速效磷、速效钾、阴阳离子、Mg^2+、SO4^2-和Cl^-含量显著高于种植1季当归。主成分回归分析发现,休耕1季和种植1季蒙古黄芪后0-20 cm层次黑麻土壤肥力综合指数为0.98和0.56,种植1季当归的综合指数得分仅为0.07。休耕1季是黑麻土壤用养结合的简便有效方法,种植1季蒙古黄芪是培肥黑麻土壤肥力的适宜作物。

Effect of Fallowing and Planting Crops on Soil Fertility of Black Flax Soil

A reasonable and efficient rotation sequences were established to solve the problem of replanting obstacles caused by continuous cropping of crops via determining the level of soil nutrient immobilization and residue under annually fallowing and seasonally planting different crops. The nutrients contents of 0-20 cm black flax soil under fallowing, and planting spring wheat, potato, Mongolian astragalus and Angelica sinensis were investigated. The field trial was followed by the single-factor randomized block design in Zhanpo village, Lianfeng town, Weiyuan, Gansu in 2018 and soils were sampled by "S" shape. The results showed that the contents of organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, total anion and anion, Mg²⁺, SO₄^2- and Cl^- in 0-20 cm soil layer respectively were increased for annually fallowing and seasonally planting Mongolian astragalus. however, the contents of organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, total amount of ions and ions, Mg²⁺, SO₄^2- and Cl^- in 0-20 cm soil layer were decreased for annually planting Angelica sinensis. The variance analysis showed that the contents of organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, total anion, Mg²⁺, SO₄^2- and Cl^- in 0-20 cm soil layer were significantly higher for annually fallowing and seasonally planting Mongolian astragalus than those for seasonally planting Angelica sinensis. The principal component regression analysis showed that the soil fertility composite index scores respectively were up to 0.98 and 0.56 for annually fallowing and seasonally planting Mongolian astragalus, while the soil fertility composite index score was down to 0.07 for seasonally planting Angelica sinensis. This demonstrated that annually fallowing was a simple and effective method for combination of land utilization and maintenance in black flax soil, while seasonally planting Mongolian astragalus was an effective rotation sequence to improve soil fertility in black flax soil.