生物质炭对华北平原4种典型土壤冬小麦生育前期氨挥发的影响

为了探明生物质炭对华北平原土壤氨挥发的影响，以该区域4种典型土壤（水稻土、砂姜黑土、褐土、潮土）为研究对象进行微区试验，设置了对照（CK）、单施化肥（NPK）、单施生物质炭（BC）、化肥配施生物质炭（BC+NPK）4个处理，于冬小麦生育前期观测土壤氨挥发损失，分析土壤矿质氮含量、土壤pH和温度对土壤氨挥发的影响。结果表明，4种土壤单施化肥处理氨挥发累积损失分别为2.70、3.14、2.90、4.00 kg N·hm^-2，占施氮量的比例（氨挥发损失率）为3.3%、3.8%、3.5%、4.9%。与单施化肥相比，化肥配施生物质炭可以降低砂姜黑土（15.3%）和潮土（14.8%）的氨挥发损失，但增加了水稻土（3.0%）和褐土（6.9%）氨挥发。添加生物质炭显著提升土壤pH值和土壤温度，相关性分析表明，土壤pH值是决定生物质炭对土壤氨挥发增减的关键因素。综上所述，在华北平原砂姜黑土和潮土施用生物质炭可以有效降低小麦生育前期土壤氨挥发。

Effects of biochar on NH3 volatilization from four typical soils during early growth stage of winter wheat in the North China Plain

In order to investigate the effects of biochar on NH₃ volatilization in the North China Plain, four typical soils(paddy soil, lime concretion black soil, cinnamon soil, and fluvo-aquic soil)were adopted for field micro-plot trials in the study area. There were four treatments:Control(CK), fertilizer(NPK), biochar(BC), and fertilizer with biochar(NPK+BC). NH₃ volatilization loss was observed during the early growth stage of winter wheat, and the effects of soil mineral nitrogen content, soil pH value, and temperature on soil ammonia volatilization were analyzed. The results showed that the cumulative ammonia volatilization from NPK treatment of the four soils was 2.70, 3.14, 2.90, and 4.00 kg N·hm^-2, and accounts for 3.3%, 3.8%, 3.5%, and 4.9% of nitrogen application. Cumulative ammonia volatilization was reduced when biochar was applied together with chemical fertilizer in lime concretion black soil(15.3%)and fluvo-aquic soil(14.8%) compared with NPK, but increased in paddy soil(3.0%)and cinnamon soil(6.9%). The addition of biochar significantly increased soil pH and soil temperature. Correlation analysis showed that the key factor related to changes in soil ammonia volatilization from biochar was the soil pH value. In conclusion, the application of biochar on lime concretion black soil and fluvo-aquic soil in the North China Plain can effectively reduce soil ammonia volatilization during the early growth stage of winter wheat.