不同等级五粮浓香原酒香气成分的差异性分析

为寻找到快速有效区分不同等级五粮浓香原酒的方法，以4种不同等级五粮浓香原酒为研究对象，采用顶空固相微萃取法、液液微萃取法与气相色谱-质谱联用技术对其香气成分进行研究，并对各类香气成分的含量进行相关性分析。在4种不同等级五粮浓香原酒中共鉴定出75 种香气物质，包括酯类39种、醇类11种、酸类9种、醛酮类12种及其他类物质4种。通过单因素方差分析与聚类分析，不同等级五粮浓香原酒香气物质含量之间存在明显差异；采用主成分分析比较了4种不同等级五粮浓香原酒的分类效果，4种不同等级原酒间的区分度良好；基于正交偏最小二乘判别法和Pearson相关性分析，可根据己酸乙酯、乙酸乙酯、乳酸乙酯、苯乙酸乙酯、己酸、乙酸、庚酸乙酯、戊酸、异戊醇、辛酸乙酯、苯乙醇、正丙醇和异丁醇等13种香气物质含量的高低对4种不同等级五粮浓香原酒进行区分。研究结果对后期全面认识和了解不同等级五粮浓香原酒的香气成分具有一定的借鉴意义。

Difference analysis of aroma components in different grades of Wuliang Luzhou flavor raw liquor

In order to find a fast and effective method to distinguish different grades of Wuliang Luzhou flavor raw liquor, four different grades of Wuliang Luzhou flavor raw liquor were used to study their aroma components by headspace solid phase microextraction, liquid-liquid microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Then, the correlation analysis of the contents of various aroma components was carried out. A total of 75 aroma substances were identified in four different grades of Wuliang Luzhou flavor raw liquor, including 39 esters, 11 alcohols, 9 acids, 12 aldehydes and ketones, and 4 other substances. Through single factor analysis of variance and cluster analysis, there were significant differences in the content of aroma substances in different grades of Wuliang Luzhou flavor raw liquor. Meanwhile, the classification effect of four different grades of Wuliang Luzhou flavor raw liquor was compared by principal component analysis, and the results showed that the discrimination between the four different grades of Wuliang Luzhou flavor raw liquor was good. Based on the orthogonal partial least square discriminant method and Pearson correlation analysis, four different grades of Wuliang Luzhou flavor raw liquor can be distinguished according to the contents of 13 kinds of aroma substances, such as ethyl caproate, ethyl acetate, ethyl lactate, ethyl phenylacetate, hexanoic acid, acetic acid, ethyl heptanate, pentanoic acid, 3-methyl-1-butanol, ethyl octanoate, 2-phenylethanol, 1-propanol and 2-methyl-1-propanol. Therefore, the results of this study can be used for a reference to understand the aroma components of different grades of Wuliang Luzhou flavor raw liquor.