扇吸式太阳能杀虫灯在鲜食玉米田的应用效果及对节肢动物生物多样性的影响

为明确扇吸式杀虫灯在鲜食玉米田间的应用效果及对节肢动物生物多样性的影响，采用抽样鉴定方法调查扇吸式杀虫灯的诱虫谱，通过田间试验调查其对主要害虫亚洲玉米螟Ostrinia furnacalis的控制范围和防控效果，并采用黄板、糖醋酒液和陷阱法取样调查其对玉米田间节肢动物生物多样性的影响。结果表明，扇吸式杀虫灯在鲜食玉米田可诱集9目40科的昆虫，对亚洲玉米螟的有效控制距离在60 m左右，单灯控制面积约1.1 hm²。在大喇叭口期，灯光防控处理对亚洲玉米螟的株防效为25.83%，显著低于化学防控处理的76.74%；在乳熟期，化学防控处理的虫孔减退率为75.29%，显著高于灯光防控处理的21.18%，灯光防控处理、化学防控处理和对照的茎秆活虫数、虫孔隧道长度和雌穗防效差异均不显著。距灯80 m范围内不同距离的主要害虫与天敌种群数量基本一致，玉米不同生育期节肢动物群落多样性指数、均匀性指数、优势集中性指数和相似系数变化较大，但在同一生育期不同距离间均无显著差异，说明田间节肢动物群落主要受玉米生育期的影响，扇吸式杀虫灯对田间主要害虫和天敌种群无显著影响。表明扇吸式杀虫灯对亚洲玉米螟的防治效果有限，对田间节肢动物多样性无显著影响，可作为鲜食玉米田防治亚洲玉米螟的辅助手段，但无法替代化学防治。

The application of fan suction solar energy insecticidal lamp in fresh corn fields and its effect on the biodiversity of arthropods

In order to clarify the application effect of fan suction solar energy insecticidal lamp in fresh corn fields and its influence on the biodiversity of major arthropods, the induction spectrum was investigated by sampling and identification, and the field experiment was conducted to investigate the control range and control effect of the lamp on Asian corn borer Ostrinia furnacalis, the main insect pest of fresh corn; the effects of insecticidal lamps on the arthropod biodiversity in corn fields were investigated by using yellow boards, sugar vinegar and trap methods. The results showed that the lamp could trap 40 families of insects in nine orders in the field; the effective control distance to O. furnacalis was about 60 m, and the control area of single lamp was about 1.1 hm². In trumpet stage, the control effect of lamp treatment on O. furnacalis was 25.83%, which was significantly lower than that of the chemical treatment (76.74%). The rate of wormhole reduction in chemical control area was 75.29%, which was significantly higher than that in lamp area (21.18%), and the number of live worms, tunnel length and control efficiency of ears were not significantly different between the lamp, chemical and control area in the milk stage. The population numbers of main pests and natural enemies in different sampling points within 80 m from the lamp were almost the same. The diversity index, evenness index, dominant concentration index and community similarity coefficient of arthropods varied greatly in different growth periods, and there was no significant difference between different distances in the same growth period, suggesting that the arthropod community in the field was mainly affected by the growth period of corn, and the insecticidal lamp had no significant influence on the population of main pests and natural enemies in the field. Generally, the control effect of fan suction solar energy insecticidal lamp on O. furnacalis was below expectation. In addition, it had no significant impact on the biodiversity of arthropods in the field. It may be used as a supplementary means to control O. furnacalis in fresh corn, but cannot replace the chemical control.