2020年国内外家兔遗传育种与繁殖研究进展

家兔是中国传统的畜禽品种，同时也是中国畜牧业的重要组成部分。近年来，随着产业升级，生物技术快速发展，国内外家兔遗传育种取得了较大进展。文章分别从传统育种与分子育种2个方面对2020年国内外家兔遗传育种与繁殖研究进展进行了综述，以期为家兔种质资源利用与保护提供参考。国外在传统育种与分子育种上均作了较多研究，在传统育种上主要针对选择和环境因素对家兔生长及繁殖性能的影响进行研究；在分子育种上对生长及肉质相关基因、繁殖性能相关基因及遗传多样性等方面进行研究。国内开展的家兔遗传育种与繁殖研究数量相较国外更多，研究重点集中于分子育种，包括对皮毛性状、肉质性状及繁殖性能相关基因的研究；传统育种主要包括选择和环境效应对家兔生长与繁殖性能的影响。

Research Progress on Genetic Breeding and Reproduction of Domestic and International Rabbits in 2020

The rabbit is the one of Chinese traditional domestic animals, and also is an important part of animal husbandry in China. In recent years, with the industry upgrading, the developing rapidly of biotechnology, great progress has been made in rabbit genetic breeding, both at home and abroad. In this review, the research progress on genetic breeding and reproduction of rabbits in 2020 are reviewed from the traditional breeding, molecular breeding and reproduction of rabbits. For abroad, lots of researches involved in traditional breeding and molecular breeding. Traditional breeding mainly focuses on the effects of selection and environment on the growth and reproductive performance of rabbits. In molecular breeding, the related genes of growth, meat quality and genetic diversity were studied. In China, there are more studies on rabbit genetic breeding and reproduction than abroad, and the research concentrate mainly on molecular breeding, including functional genes related to fur traits, meat quality traits and reproductive performance. In addition to, there are lots of studies on the effects of selection and environmental effects on growth and reproductive performance of rabbits in traditional breeding. This review could provide basis and ideas for the protection, development and utilization of the rabbit.