不同日龄鸽乳粗蛋白质和矿物元素含量变化规律的研究

【目的】 试验旨在研究1~28日龄乳鸽嗉囊中鸽乳粗蛋白质和矿物元素含量的变化规律。【方法】 选取36对种鸽，每对种鸽哺育2只乳鸽，于乳鸽1、3、5、7、14、28日龄采集鸽乳，每个时间点6个重复，每个重复2只乳鸽，在种鸽哺喂后通过挤压嗉囊的方式采集乳鸽嗉囊内鸽乳。分别在乳鸽1、7、14、21、28日龄时称重，并记录种鸽每周的采食量。【结果】 乳鸽体重随日龄增加呈显著的线性和二次增加(P<0.05)，在1~21日龄乳鸽体重随日龄增加而增加(P<0.05)，之后维持稳定。种鸽颗粒料和原粮以及总采食量随日龄增加呈显著的线性和二次增加(P<0.05)，原粮和颗粒料采食量以及总采食量均于7日龄后显著增加(P<0.05)，并在15~28日龄维持稳定。不同日龄鸽乳的粗蛋白质和矿物元素含量均有显著差异(P<0.05)。粗蛋白质含量随日龄增加呈显著的线性和二次减少(P<0.05)，1~5日龄粗蛋白质含量维持稳定，在7日龄显著降低(P<0.05)，在14~28日龄维持稳定。钙含量随日龄增加呈显著的线性增加(P<0.05)，磷含量呈显著的线性减少(P<0.05)，钙磷比呈显著的线性升高(P<0.05)。铜、锰、锌含量均随日龄增加呈显著的线性和二次增加(P<0.05)。铁含量随日龄增加呈显著的二次增加(P<0.05)，铜、铁、锰、锌含量均在1~3日龄维持稳定，铜含量在5日龄显著增加(P<0.05)，之后维持稳定，于14日龄显著增加(P<0.05)，随后于28日龄显著降低(P<0.05)。铁、锌和锰含量均于5日龄显著增加(P<0.05)，在5~28日龄维持稳定;硒含量随日龄变化无显著差异(P>0.05)。【结论】 乳鸽在21日龄前生长速度快，21~28日龄乳鸽体重维持稳定，种鸽颗粒料和原粮采食量以及总采食量均随乳鸽日龄增加而增加。鸽乳中粗蛋白质和磷含量均随日龄增加而减少，而钙、铜、铁、锰、锌含量均随日龄增加而增加。

Study on the Changes of Crude Protein and Mineral Elements in Pigeon Milk at Different Ages

【Objective】 This study was aimed to investigate the variation of crude protein and mineral element concentrations of pigeon milk in squabs from 1 to 28 days.【Method】 A total of 36 pairs of parental pigeons were selected,each pair of parental pigeons fed 2 squabs.Pigeon milk samples were collected from squabs on 1,3,5,7,14 and 28 days after hatching,as soon as they were fed by the parental pigeon,the pigeon milk was forced out from the squab crop to mouth immediately.Each treatment had 6 repetitions and 2 squabs per replicate.Squabs were weighed on 1,7,14,21 and 28 days,and the feed intake of breeding pigeons was recorded weekly.【Result】 The body weight of squabs increased linearly and quadratically with age (P<0.05),the body weight of squabs increased within 1-21 d (P<0.05),and then kept stable.The pellet feed and grain intake,and the total feed intake of breeding pigeons increased significantly linearly and quadratically with age (P<0.05),they both increased significantly after 7 d (P<0.05),and remained stable within 15-28 d.The crude protein and mineral element concentrations of pigeon milk had significant differences with age (P<0.05).The content of crude protein decreased linearly and quadratically with age (P<0.05),the crude content of protein maintained stability within 1-5 d,decreased in 7 day (P<0.05),and kept stable in 14-28 d.The content of Ca increased linearly (P<0.05),while the content of P decreased linearly (P<0.05),and Ca/P increased linearly (P<0.05) with age.The contents of Cu,Mn and Zn increased linearly and quadratically with age (P<0.05),and Fe content increased quadratically with age (P<0.05).The contents of Cu,Fe,Mn and Zn maintained stability within 1-3 d.The content of Cu increased at 5 d (P<0.05),then kept stable, and increased significantly at 14 d (P<0.05),and decreased significantly at 28 d (P<0.05).The contents of Fe,Mn and Zn increased at 5 d (P<0.05),and remained unchanged in 5-28 d.However,there was no significant difference in the content of Se (P>0.05).【Conclusion】 The body weight of squabs increased within 1-21 d,and remained stable within 21-28 d.The pellet feed and grain intake,and the total feed intake of breeding pigeons increased with age.The content of crude protein and P in pigeon milk decreased with age,while the contents of Ca,Cu,Fe,Mn and Zn increased with age.