添加高温期堆料对青藏高原羊粪堆肥有机成分降解及酶活性的影响

【目的】探讨堆肥时添加高温期堆料对青藏高原羊粪堆肥有机成分降解及酶活性的影响。【方法】在青藏高原地区将高温期羊粪堆料添加于羊粪和油菜秸秆混合物中，以不添加高温期堆料作为对照，进行了28 d条垛式堆肥试验，通过测定堆肥过程中堆肥温度、pH、总有机碳、总氮、铵态氮、硝态氮、种子发芽指数、有机质、木质纤维素等指标以及各种酶活性来判断高温期堆料对青藏高原羊粪堆肥发酵品质的影响。【结果】添加高温期堆料可促进堆体升温，提升堆体最高温度，并延长堆体高温期6 d；堆肥结束时，与对照组相比，添加高温期堆料可显著降低堆肥中铵态氮与硝态氮比值、E₄/E₆以及碳氮比（P＜0.05）；可显著提高堆肥种子发芽指数（P＜0.05）；可显著提高有机质、半纤维素、纤维素和木质素降解率（P＜0.05）；并可显著提升堆肥过程中蛋白质酶、脲酶、蔗糖酶、纤维素酶、β-葡萄糖苷酶、过氧化物酶及多酚氧化酶活性（P＜0.05）。【结论】高温期堆料可促进青藏高原羊粪堆肥有机成分降解，提升堆肥产品腐熟度及提升堆肥过程中多种酶的活性。

Effect of Adding High Temperature Period Compost on Degradation of Organic Components and Enzyme Activity of Sheep Manure Composting on Qinghai Tibet Plateau

【Objective】 The effects of adding high temperature period compost on the degradation of organic components and enzyme activity of sheep manure composting in Qinghai Tibet plateau were studied.【Method】 In Qinghai Tibet plateau,sheep manure composting in high temperature period was added to the mixture of sheep manure and rape straw.Taking no high temperature period compost as the control,a 28 day strip compost experiment was carried out.By measuring the composting temperature,pH,total organic carbon,total nitrogen,ammonium nitrogen,nitrate nitrogen,seed germination index,organic matter,lignocellulose and other indexes as well as various enzyme activities in the composting process,the effect of high temperature composting on the fermentation quality of sheep manure composting in Qinghai Tibet plateau was judged.【Result】 The addition of high temperature period compost could promote the temperature rise of the reactor,increased the maximum temperature of the reactor,and prolonged the high temperature period of the reactor for 6 days.At the end of composting,compared with the control group,adding high temperature period compost could significantly reduce NH₄⁺-N/NO₃^--N,E₄/E₆ and C/N value (P＜0.05).It could significantly improve the germination index of compost seeds (P＜0.05).The degradation rates of organic matter,hemicellulose,cellulose and lignin were significantly increased (P＜0.05).It could significantly improve the activities of the protein enzyme,urease,sucrase,cellulase β-glucosidase,peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase (P＜0.05).【Conclusion】 The studies indicated that adding high temperature period compost in sheep manure composting could improve the fermentation quality and enzyme activity of compost,and could significantly shorten the composting time on the Qinghai Tibet Plateau.