水产养殖中使用的抗菌药物及细菌耐药性

目前，抗菌药物在水产养殖动物疾病防治中占有重要地位，然而，在水产养殖中使用抗菌药物也可产生一系列的副作用，例如细菌耐药性的产生和药物在鱼体和环境中的残留，本文就水产药物使用的历史，现状，适应症，副作用，耐药性的现状，来源，产生机制，耐药菌判定的标准，以及该领域的研究现状等问题进行综述与分析，以便为合理使用抗菌药物提供理论依据。

Antibacterial drugs used in aquaculture and drug resistance of fish bacterial pathogens

The use of antibacterial agents is a key measure in the prevention and treatment of diseases in aquaculture animals. But antibacterial agents have potential hazards and can produce various kinds of side effects in aquatic environment if they are used irrationally, such as drug resistance, unacceptable drug residues in marketable fish and environment. In order to provide some scientific basis for the rational use of antibacterial agents, the following topics are discussed: the history and present status of antibiotic medicines used in aquaculture, the side effects and indication of the medicines, the situation of resistance and the resource of the resistance, the mechanism of resistance, the criterion for determination of resistant bacterial strains, as well as the prospect for further study in this field.