火在森林生态系统平衡中的影响

火是一个活跃的生态因子,经常作用于森林生态系统,而且它的作用具有两重性。一方面火能烧毁森林,严重破坏森林的结构和功能;另一方面火可以作为营林的工具和手段,用火可以改善森林环境,有利于维持和促进森林生态系统的平衡。本文主要从干扰与自我更新、逆演与顺演、种的多样性、群落的稳定性及系统的自我调节功能等五个方面剖析了火在森林生态平衡中的作用规律。并且指出以上五个指标可作为确定火灾性质、评价火在森林生态系统平衡中的作用及开展营林用火的理论依据。

INFLUENCE OF FIRE ON THE BALANCE OF FOREST ECOSYSTEM

Fire is an active ecological factor and acts on forest ecosystem frequently with dual nature. On the one hand, fire can burn up forests, do great damage to the forest structure and function and even more destroy the forest ecosystem balance; on the other hand, fire can be regard as the tools and means of forest management. The use of fire can improve forest environment, accelerate the circulation of matter and energy flow. Based on the analysis of those aspects of disturbance and self-reproduction, counter-succession or advancesuccession, diversity of plant species, resistance and tolerance of ecosystem as well as self-regulation of ecosystem, etc., the paper dissects the activity of fire in forest ecosystem and points out the five indices above mentioned can be used to determine the nature of fire, evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of fire as well as provide scientific theoretical basis for fire use in forest management.