树种选择与配置对森林生态系统服务的影响

我国森林面积和蓄积量连续增长，但造林树种单一、林分幼龄化、径级持续偏小、单位面积蓄积量低。在气候变化挑战及全球经济一体化大背景下，如何发挥森林在木材生产、生物多样性保护、固碳、涵养水源及社会文化等方面的多重服务功能以满足经济社会发展对森林的多元化需求，是我国现代林业建设的当务之急。文中通过梳理国内外相关文献，分析不同树种与配置模式和不同森林经营选择对森林生态系统服务的影响，以及对森林生态系统服务影响的模拟预测方法与工具，进而总结当前研究与实践的总体趋势，以期为我国树种选择及其优化配置、增强森林生态系统服务功能提供决策参考。

Effects of Tree Species Selection and Allocation on Forest Ecosystem Services

China has achieved continuous increase in both forest area and stock volume, but is challenged by the problems like single species in plantation, higher proportion of young forest stands, smaller diameter class, and low unit stock volume per hectare. How to give play to the role of forests in providing multiple functions such as timber production, biodiversity conservation, carbon sequestration, water and soil conservation and social and cultural services in the context of climate change and global economic integration is a big issue to be resolved for modern forest development. This paper analyzed the effects of tree species selection and allocation as well as the various forest management regimes on the functions and services of forest ecosystem, and concluded the methods and tools that could be used to model their effects through literature review in systematic way. Based on the analyses, the paper presented the overall trend in the research and practices in this terms, which will provide references for the decision-making in relation to tree species selection and allocation in China for enhancing the forest ecosystem services and functions.