土壤优先流研究现状与发展趋势

优先流是近年来针对土壤水运动所提出的术语,是土壤中水运动机制研究由均匀走向非均匀领域的标志,是指在土壤各向异性的情况下,水分和溶质在多重因素的共同作用下,沿着特定的路径向下发生非稳定渗流的现象.优先流是造成降雨型滑坡、泥石流等地质灾害以及地下水质污染、农业土壤中养分流失等现象的主要诱因之一,所以深入开展优先流的研究显得尤为重要.本文从优先流的界定出发,主要介绍回顾了优先流数学模型的发展和研究优先流所采用的技术手段和方法,最后总结并探讨了优先流研究中存在的问题和发展趋势.

Present and future research of preferential flow in soil

The preferential flow, a term proposed by scholars according to water transport in soil in recent years, is the symbol of soil water transport mechanism study transforming from uniformity to non-uniformity. It can be defined as the unstable seepage phenomena of water and solute along the specific path, under the impacts of multiple factors. It is one of main causes that lead to geological hazards of rainfall-induced landslides, debris flow, and groundwater pollution, nutrient loss in farm field, so the study on preferential flow is particularly important. This paper, beginning with the definition of preferential flow, mainly reviewed the study development on mathematical models and technical means, and at the end the existing problems were discussed and the future research was put forward.