高温胁迫对特种番茄不同基因型品种种子产量的影响

目的]研究高温胁迫对特种番茄种子产量的影响,为特种番茄专用育种、留制种和丰产栽培提供理论依据。方法]通过樱桃番茄早、中、晚熟不同基因型6个品种、小番茄2个品种露地栽培,分析生长期各温度阶段种子产量,研究特种番茄耐高温性、适温和高温对特种番茄种子产量影响。结果]特种番茄开花结果最适宜温度范围在18.5~29.5℃,长江中下游地区最适宜的时间是5月21日至6月30日和9月1日至10月10日。日最高平均气温29.5℃以上高温的7月21日至8月31日,樱桃番茄品种早熟e1、早熟e2和晚熟e3种子产量是日最高平均气温29.5℃以下适温种子产量最高峰段的5.9%、2.9%和23.0%,小番茄c2是51.1%;其他参试品种高温期间种子产量为0.0,种子产量显著和极显著受到抑制。参试品种小番茄c1和小番茄c2夏季高温胁迫后秋冬季种子产量分别较8月31日之前前期种子产量增产达极显著水平(P0.01),8月31日高温前与高温后至11月20日(4个月)后期种子产量的比值分别为31.3∶68.7、18.1∶81.9。结论]高温胁迫条件下,特种番茄不同品种种子产量差异显著。因此,应将特种番茄的开花结果盛期安排在适温范围。

Effects of High Temperature on Yield of Cherry Tomato and Little Tomato Cultivars Seeds

Objective]Effects of high temperature on seed yield of special tomato were studied to provide basis for breeding, early maturity and high-yield cultivation.Method]Through cultivating early-middle-late maturity cherry tomato 6 cultivars and little tomato 2 cultivars in open field, seed yield of special tomato at different temperature stage in growth period was analyzed.Effect of high-temperature resistance, and suitable temperature,high temperature on seed yield of special tomato were studied.Result] 18.5-29.5 ℃ was the optimum temperature for special tomato flowering and fruit yield.May 21st to June 30th and September 1st to October 10th were the optimum time for special tomato in the Middle-Lower Yangtze Area.Daily maximum temperature was over 29.5 ℃ from July 21st to August 31st.Seed yield of Zaoshou e1,Zaoshou e2 and Wanshou e3 in this period was of peak yield 5.9%,2.9%,23.0% at the optimum temperature below 29.5 ℃.Seed yield of little tomato c2 was 51.1% of peak yield.Another variety did not produced seed in high-temperature period.Seed yield decreased obviously.After high temperature stress,compared with seed yield before August 31st,seed yield of little tomato c1 and little tomato c2 in autumn and winter increased significantly(P<0.01).The ratio of prophase seed yield and anaphase (megathermal period,before November 20th) seed yield of little tomato c1 and little tomato c2 was 31.3∶68.7 and 18.1∶81.9, respectively.Conclusion]Under high temperature stress,the difference of seed yield for different varieties special tomato was significant.Therefore, temperature should be suitable for special tomato in flowering and fruiting period.