灌水处理对春小麦穗部性状和产量的影响

选用15个春小麦品种(系),在冬灌1 800 m3/hm2的基础上,生育期设3次灌水处理(T1:拔节期、开花期、乳熟期)2、次灌水处理(T2:拔节期、开花期)和1次灌水处理(T3:拔节期),每次灌水1 050 m3/hm2,研究了水分对春小麦穗部性状及产量和水分利用效率(WUE)的影响。结果表明:T2条件下3粒小穗比率、穗粒数、穗粒重、产量和WUE都是最高;T3条件下无效小穗比率最高,而1粒小穗比率、2粒小穗比率、穗粒数、产量和WUE则最低。相关分析表明产量与WUE在三种水分处理条件下都呈极显著正相关,在T3条件下穗粒数与产量和WUE显著负相关,穗粒重与产量和WUE极显著正相关,穗粒数与穗粒重在T1、T2条件下极显著正相关,而在T3条件下不相关。表明适宜灌水提高了3粒小穗比率,进而增加了穗粒数和穗粒重,提高了产量和WUE,而缺水降低1粒和2粒小穗比率,增加了无效小穗比率,减小了籽粒饱满度,进而减小穗粒重,降低产量和WUE。

The effects of different water supplies on spring wheat spikelet traits and yield

Fifteen spring wheat cultivars were selected as the test materials in the experiment. Based on winter flooding (1 800 m³ /hm²), three treatments of water supply according to growing stages were designed as follows: T₁(three times of irrigation at jointing, anthesis and milky stages) , T₂(two times of irrigation at jointing and anthesis stages) and T₃(one time of irrigation at jointing stage). The water supply of broad irrigation was 1 050 m³/hm² for each time, the total water supply of the three irrigation treatments were 3 150 m³ /hm²(T₁), 2 100 m³/hm²(T₂) and 1 050 m³/hm²(T₃), respectively. The results showed that the ratio of tri-grained ear, grain number per spike, grain weight per spike, grain yield and WUE under T₂ were the highest among all the treatments. The ratio of invalid ear was the highest, while the ratio of one-grained and double- grained ear, grain number per spike, grain yield and WUE were all the lowest under T₃. The correlation analysis showed that the yields under the three treatments were all significantly positively correlated with WUE. Grain yield and WUE were negatively correlated with grain number per spike while significantly positively correlated with grain weight per spike under T₃. Grain number spike was significantly positively correlated with grain weight perspike under T₁ and T₂ while there was no correlation under T₃. The results above showed that moderate irrigation increased the ratio of tri-grained ear which increased grain number and grain weight per spike, and the grain yield and WUE, while water deficit decreased the grain yield and WUE as the result of the decreased ratio of one-grained and dou-ble-grained ear, the increased ratio of invalid ear, the decreased grain plumpness and grain weight per spike.