Variability in European Maize (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Zea mays</Emphasis> L.) Landraces under High and Low Nitrogen Inputs |
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Authors: | R Alonso Ferro I Brichette G Evgenidis Ch Karamaligkas J Moreno-González |
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Institution: | 1.Centro de Investigacións Agrarias de Mabegondo (CIAM), Xunta de Galicia,A Coru?a,Spain;2.N.AG.RE.F. – Cereal Institute,Thessaloniki,Greece;3.N.AG.RE.F. – Station of Agricultural Research Palamas,Palamas Karditsa,Greece |
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Abstract: | An European maize (Zea mays L.) landrace core collection (EMLCC) was formed with samples from several countries. Evaluation of the EMLCC may contribute
to broad the genetic base of maize breeding programs. The objective of this study was to assess the variability of EMLCC under
low nitrogen (N) in relation to high N input. Eighty-five landraces of the EMLCC, grouped in four maturity groups, and three
check hybrids were evaluated for response to low (0 kg ha−1) and high (150 kg ha−1) N in Spain and Greece. Five plant size traits (plant height, ear height, leaf length, leaf width and leaf area index), two
grain traits (1000-kernel weight and grain yield), and two agronomic traits growing degree units (GDU) and lodging] were
studied. Overall means of plant size and grain traits increased when genotypes were grown at 150-N relative to 0-N input.
The relative increase for grain traits was smaller in landraces than in hybrids. This suggests that landraces had lower grain
yield response to N supply compared to hybrids. Linear regressions of plant size traits on GDU indicated that vegetative development
was primarily associated with flowering lateness. The maturity group was the main source of variation for all traits. Landrace
variability within maturity groups was significant for all traits across environments, despite significant landrace × environment
interactions. Estimates of genetic and genotype × environment variances, and heritabilities at both high and low N inputs
were not significantly different from each other. However estimates were generally larger at high N. Genetic and phenotypic
correlation coefficients between the two N levels were very high for all traits. |
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Keywords: | Correlated response to selection Genetic variances Maize landrace core collection Nitrogen input Zea mays |
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