微生物对堆肥发酵进程影响的研究进展

在养殖场中堆肥处理不仅是一种应用最普遍的粪污处理方式,也是目前固体有机废弃物处置中最有效、最经济的方法。堆肥处理是在人工可控条件下微生物把废弃有机物转变为无病虫卵、无病原菌、无臭气物质的稳定化过程。筛选耐低温、耐高温和具有高效降解纤维素能力的微生物菌株,将其加入堆肥发酵腐熟过程中,可以起到加快堆肥处理进程、提高腐熟效果、降低植物毒性等作用。该研究从国内外研制堆肥腐熟微生物制剂的进展,以及低温、中温和高温堆肥腐熟微生物制剂的种类和应用等方面进行综述。

Research Advances on Effects of Microorganisms on Composting Fermentation Process

Composting is not only one of the most commonly used manure disposal methods in poultry and livestock farms, but also the most effective and economical method for treatment of solid organic waste at present. It is a process in which microorganisms convert waste organic matter into organic matter free of parasite eggs, pathogenic bacteria and odor under artificially controlled conditions. During the fermentation and decomposition of composting process, supplementation of beneficial microorganisms with tolerance to low or high temperature as well as strong cellulose-degrading ability can accelerate the composting process, improve the maturity effect, and reduce the toxicity of plants. This review summarizes the research and development status of composting microbial preparations in China and abroad as well as the types and application of composting microbial preparations used at low, medium and high temperature.