马铃薯块茎蛾的产卵特性

 对马铃薯块茎蛾［Phthorimaes operculella(Zeller)］在马铃薯(Solanum tuberosum L.)叶片和块茎上产卵的特征进行了一系列的室内试验。通过一个特别设计的连接活性炭过滤器的双向选择的嗅觉仪，来判断马铃薯块茎蛾在两个供试样本之间的偏爱程度。结果表明：(1)马铃薯块茎蛾在马铃薯叶片上的产卵量明显比大白菜（Brassica oleracea var.capitata)，番茄(Lycopersicon esculentum)或辣椒(Capsicum annuum)叶片多。而在马铃薯和茄子(Solanum melongena)叶片之间没有明显的区别；（2）马铃薯块茎蛾在马铃薯块茎上的产卵量明显比在茄子果实和甘薯块根上多，而在马铃薯块茎和番茄果实或辣椒果实上的产卵量没有明显差别；（3）高温水煮和高压蒸汽都不能破坏马铃薯块茎吸引马铃薯块茎蛾的产卵行为，煮过后去皮的马铃薯块茎也不影响马铃薯块茎蛾的产卵行为；（4）除去块茎表皮或仅去其芽则明显减少马铃薯块茎蛾在其上产卵；（5）马铃薯块茎蛾对表皮为浅黄色、红色和紫色的块茎没有明显的产卵偏好；（6）成虫在涂有马铃薯块茎的正己烷提取液的滤纸上所产的卵明显比在只涂有正己烷溶液的滤纸上多。用相同的提取方法，在马铃薯叶片上没有提取出吸引马铃薯块茎蛾产卵的化学物质。由此推断，马铃薯块茎在储藏期，会不断的释放一些化学物质来吸引马铃薯块茎蛾在块茎上产卵，这些化学物质的其它的特征有待进一步研究。

Characterization of Oviposition of Potato Tuber Moth Phthorimaea operculella (Lepidopterra: Gelechiidae) in Potato

The characteristics of oviposition of potato tuber moth (PTM), Phthorimaea operculella(Zeller) on potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) foliage and tubers was investigated in a series of laboratory experiments.A specially designed two-choice olfactometer that joined to air filter with activated charcoal was utilized in judging the preference of insects between two materials.The results as follows: (1) PTM adults laid significantly more eggs on the leaves of potato than on those of cabbage (Brassica oleracea var.capitata), tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) or capsicum (Capsicum annuum), however, no such difference was found between the leaves of potato and eggplant (Solanum melongena).(2)Insect laid significantly more eggs on potato tubers than on eggplant fruit or sweet potato tuberous roots, but there was no such difference between potato tubers and fruits of tomato or capsicum.(3) Neither boiling, nor autoclaving could destroy the attraction of potato tubers for oviposition.De-skinning of boiled potato tubers also did not affect the attraction of such tubers for egg laying.(4) Removal of entire skin or only sprouts from potato tubers significantly reduced oviposition of PTM on such tubers, compared with normal tubers.(5) There was no difference of egg-laying preference of PTM among light yellow-, red-, and purple skinned tubers.(6) PTM adults laid significantly more eggs on the filter paper coated with hexane extract of potato tubers than on that coated only with hexane solvent.Similar extraction procedure with potato foliage failed to extract any chemicals attracting voiposition.We conclude that certain chemicals were constantly released into the environment by potato tubers, which attracted PTM adults for laying eggs on potato tubers in storage.Further characterization of these chemicals is underway.