Molecular epidemiology of bovine anaplasmosis in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa,Pakistan |
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Authors: | Farooqi Shahid Hussain Ijaz Muhammad Rashid Muhammad Imran Nabi H Islam S Aqib Amjad Islam Hussain Kashif Khan Amjad Rizvi Syeda Nayab Batool Mahmood Shakeel Mehmood Khalid Zhang Hui |
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Institution: | 1.Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, 54600, Pakistan ;2.Department of Parasitology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, 54600, Pakistan ;3.Veterinary Research and Disease Investigation Center, North Balogram, Swat, Pakistan ;4.Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, 54600, Pakistan ;5.Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, 54600, Pakistan ;6.Section of Biochemistry Institute of Chemistry, University of Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan ;7.Department of Geography, Government College University, Lahore, 54600, Pakistan ;8.University College of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, the Islamia University, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan ;9.College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China ; |
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Abstract: | Bovine anaplasmosis is endemic in Pakistan where it reduces livestock productivity and leads to high mortality, especially in young animals. This study was aimed to identify the potential risk factors responsible for the occurrence and spread of anaplasmosis in cattle and buffaloes for the first time in Pakistan. A total of 900 (cattle?=?479, buffalo?=?421) blood samples were collected irrespective of age and sex from three distinct zones of Khyber Pakhtunkhhwa (KP) province of Pakistan. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique was used for the molecular detection of anaplasmosis. Data collected on a piloted questionnaire including 11 predicting variables which were analyzed using R-statistical software, and association between the dependent and independent variables was assessed using univariable analysis. Automated and manual approaches were exercised, producing comparable models. Key risk factors identified in all the approaches included species of the animal, breed of animal, sex of animal, tick infestation status, previous tick history, tick control status, and acaricides used (odds ratio?>?1). The 611 bp DNA fragment specific for 16S rRNA gene of Anaplasma spp. was produced from 165 samples. The samples were confirmed for anaplasmosis through sequencing and BLAST queries. The findings of the current study conclude that by enhancing the protective measures to control the identified risk factors can reduce the spread of anaplasmosis in Pakistan. |
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