灌水效率碘—淀粉显色示踪试验

该文旨在研究不同土质、灌水量和灌水方法情况下入渗模式、灌水效率，并探讨不同灌水条件下溶质分布和水流运动模式之间的关系。根据碘－淀粉显色原理示踪水流运动和溶质迁移，分别在壤土和黏土条件下、开展了重力灌溉和微灌方式下的12组入渗试验，采用适用效率、深层渗漏损失率、有效储水率和均匀度对灌水效率进行综合评价。结果表明，入渗水再分布主要受到湿润模式的影响，有效储水率和均匀度随着灌水量的增加而提高，然而深层渗漏损失率也明显增大。溶质分布的均匀程度和深层渗漏损失率均小于水量分布的均匀程度和损失率，根据入渗后水分和溶质的再分布情况对灌水效率进行评价更为直接和全面。

Experiments on irrigation efficiency using iodine-starch staining

The objectives of this study were to investigate infiltration patterns and irrigation efficiency under various soil texture and hydraulic conditions and to explore relationships between distributions of solute and flow modes under different irrigation conditions. An iodine-starch staining method was applied to visualize flow paths and solute transport, then totally 12 infiltration experiments under flood irrigation and micro-irrigation were conducted in the loam field and clay field respectively. Irrigation efficiency was evaluated using various indictors, including the application efficiency, deep percolation ratio, storage efficiency, and irrigation uniformity. Results showed that the redistribution of infiltration water was mainly attributed to the wetting patterns. Storage efficiency and irrigation uniformity increased with the increasing of irrigation amount, and the deep percolation ratio also increased significantly. Uniformity and deep percolation loss rate of solute distributions were less than that of the water distributions respectively. Redistributions of water and solute after infiltration provided more direct and comprehensive assessment for irrigation efficiency.