晋北绿豆主要农艺性状变异及对产量构成的影响

研究绿豆新品种（系）主要农艺性状的变异及其在产量构成中的作用,为绿豆高产体系的建立提供科学依据。以国家食用豆产业技术体系绿豆新品种（系）联合鉴定试验（2016-2017年）的25份绿豆新品种（系）为试验材料,对其株高、主茎节数、单株荚数等8个农艺性状进行了变异、相关及通径分析。结果表明,荚粒数变异系数最小,仅7.30%（2017年）,产量变异最广泛,变异系数为35.86%（2016年）;产量除与荚长（r=0.609）、荚粒数（r=0.679）呈极显著正相关外,与其他性状相关不显著;通径分析结果表明,对产量的直接通径系数荚长>株高>荚粒数>单株荚数>百粒重>主茎分枝数>主茎节数,并且株高、单株荚数、荚粒数、荚长和百粒重对产量的直接作用为正值,主茎节数、主茎分枝数对产量的直接作用为负值;综合分析表明,在绿豆高产育种中,荚粒数受外界环境影响较小,与产量的相关性最大,且直接与间接效应均表现优良,应作为主要研究对象。荚长和百粒重的直接效应和间接效应均为正值,也应作为主要筛选对象,同时还要兼顾其他性状的相互影响与均衡发展,充分挖掘种质资源潜力。

Main Agronomic Traits Variation and Its Effects on Yield Composition of Mung Bean in Northern Shanxi Province

This paper aims to study the variation of main agronomic traits and their role in yield composition of new mung bean varieties (lines), so as to provide scientific basis for the establishment of mung bean high-yield system. Using 25 new mung bean varieties (lines) from the joint identification test of new mung bean varieties (lines) of the National Edible Bean Industry Technology System (2016-2017) as the experimental materials, the variability analysis, correlation analysis and path analysis were carried out for eight agronomic traits, including plant height, nodes of main stem and pods per plant, and so on. The results showed that the variation coefficient of seeds per pod was the smallest, only 7.30% (2017), and the variation coefficient of yield was the most extensive, it was 35.86% (2016). Yield was not significantly correlated with other traits, except that yield was significantly positively correlated with pod length (r=0.609) and seeds per pod (r=0.679). Path analysis showed that the direct path coefficient for yield were pod length >plant height > seeds per pod > pods per plant > 100-seed weight > branches of main stem > nodes of main stem, and direct effects of pod length, seeds per pod, plant height, pods per plant and 100-seed weight on yield were positive, while the direct effects of nodes of main stem, branches of main stem on yield were negative. Comprehensive analysis showed that, in the high-yielding mung bean breeding, the seeds per pod was less affected by the external environment, and had the greatest correlation with the yield as well as good performance in both direct and indirect effects, which should be taken as the main research object. The direct and indirect effects of pod length and 100-seed weight were both positive, which should be the main screening objective and the mutual influence and balanced development of characters should be taken into account so as to develope the potential of mung bean germplasm resources.