基于不同肥源的棉花减氮施肥效果比较研究

棉花生产中施氮量高、氮肥利用效率低的问题较为突出。以不施氮肥（CK）和当地习惯施肥（CF,施N 270kg/hm ²,普通复合肥）为对照,在田间条件下研究了生物有机复合肥（T1）、控释掺混肥（T2）、有机无机复混肥（T3）3种肥源减氮（N）20%对麦后移栽棉花生长、产量及氮素利用效率的影响。结果表明：T2处理整个生育期棉花最新完全展开叶净光合速率（P_n）均高于其他处理,且到花铃期显著高于CF。蕾期T1处理叶、茎、蕾干物质重显著高于其他处理,花铃期T2处理茎干物质重显著高于CK、T1和T3处理。花铃期棉株氮吸收量T2处理最高,分别比CF、T1、T3高27.0%、19.7%、36.5%,其中生殖器官（蕾、铃）氮吸收量亦是T2最高,分别比CF、T1、T3高46.1%、13.6%、35.3%。T2处理较CF显著增产3.4%,其氮肥表观利用率、氮肥偏生产力和氮肥农学利用率分别为28.6%、13.6kg/kg和5.6kg/kg,显著高于CF的19.0%、10.5kg/kg和4.1kg/kg,同时T2处理的产投比最大（3.7）,净收入最大（13 925.5元/hm ²）。

Comparative Research on the Effects of Reducing Nitrogen from Different Fertilizers on Cotton

High nitrogen application rate and low utilization efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer are prominent problems in the process of cotton production. Using no nitrogen fertilizer use (CK, no nitrogen fertilizer use) and local custom fertilization (CF, use N 270kg/hm ², common compound fertilizer) as the control. A field plot design was used to study the effecs of 3 fertilizer applications: reduced nitrogen by 20%, bio-organic complex fertilizer (T1), controlled-release mixed fertilizer (T2), and organic-inorganic mixed fertilizer (T3) on the growth, yield and nitrogen use efficiency of transplanted cotton. The net photosynthetic rate (P_n) of the newly fully developed cotton leaf of T2 was higher than that of the other treatments in the whole growth period, and it was significantly higher than CF at the flowering and boll setting stage. The dry matter weight of T1 was significantly higher than that of the other treatments at cotton bud stage; At flowering and boll setting stage, the stem dry matter weight of T2 was significantly higher than that of the CK, T1 and T3, the nitrogen accumulation of T2 was the highest, which were 27.0%, 19.7% and 36.5% higher than that of CF, T1 and T3, respectively. The proportion of nitrogen in reproductive organs (bud and bell) of T2 was also the highest, which were 46.1%, 13.6%, and 35.3% higher than that of CF, T1 and T3, respectively at cotton flowering bud setting stage. T2 production increased by 3.4% significantly compared with CF. In addition, apparent recovery efficency of nitrogen fertilizer, partial factor productivity of nitrogen fertilizer and agronomic use efficency of nitrogen fertilizer of T2 cotton were both the highest, which were 28.6%, 13.6kg/kg and 5.6kg/kg, respectively. At the same time, the output-input ratio of T2 was the highest (3.7), and the net income was also the greastest (13 925.5yuan/hm ²).