河北省杂交棉培育现状及发展趋势

杂交育种技术仍是目前棉花育种采用的主要手段。河北省自20世纪30年代开展杂交育种以来,截止到2017年,共育成63个杂交棉品种,其中河北省审定杂交棉品种50个,占河北省审定所有棉花品种的24.9%。对河北省审定的杂交棉品种分析表明,产量得到了逐步提高并趋于稳定,纤维品质中断裂比强度和马克隆值是阻碍棉花品级提高的主要原因;枯萎病抗性问题基本解决,但黄萎病抗性急需提高。同时还分析了河北省杂交棉存在的主要问题,提出了河北省杂交棉培育的发展建议。

Status and Developmental Tendency of Hybrid Cotton in Hebei Province

Hybrid breeding is the main means to improve crop varieties, including interspecific hybridization which is commonly used in cotton breeding. Hybrid breeding has been developing since 1930 in Hebei Province. 63 hybrid cotton varieties had been released by 2017. Among these varieties, 50 hybrid cotton varieties were approved by the Hebei Crop Variety Approval Committee. Cotton yields were increased gradually based on the analysis of 63 hybrid cotton varieties. Breaking tenacity and micronaire value were the main limiting factors for enhancing the level of cotton grade. The resistance of Fusarium wilt was overcome in general for hybrid cotton varieties, but the resistance of Verticillium wilts required urgent improvement. The breeding of Verticillium wilts-resistant hybrid cotton varieties is the most important task in the future. The situation and problems in hybrid cotton breeding were analyzed, and the trend for future development of hybrid cotton in Hebei Province were proposed.