甘蓝型油菜对华北坝上冷凉环境的适应性

针对华北坝上冷凉区短季类经济作物缺乏,芥菜型油菜品质差、产量低等问题,于2017-2018年在农业农村部张北农业资源与生态环境重点野外观测试验站,引种了甘蓝型双低油菜品种华油杂62,以当地传统芥菜型油菜品种大黄为对照,监测了两品种的叶面积指数、角果净光合速率日变化、地上部干物质积累量、养分积累量和油菜农艺性状、产量等。结果表明,华油杂62较大黄生育期长约10d,平均叶面积指数高23.36%~36.73%;角果净光合速率不及大黄,N、P、K积累量高于大黄;干物质快速增长期延长21d,干物质积累潜值高46.86%;菜子产量较大黄高22.8%~54.0%。甘蓝型油菜华油杂62对华北坝上冷凉区的地理气候环境有较好的生态适应性,具有替代区域传统芥菜型油菜的优势。

Adapt Ability of Brassica napus to Cold Environment in Bashang of North China

A hybrid Brassica napus variety Huayouza 62 with low erucic acid and low glucosinolate was introduced in the Key Field Experiment Station of Agricultural Resources and Ecological Environment of Zhangbei, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, in 2017-2018 to conquer problems such as lacking of short season crops, poor quality and low yield of rape (Brassica juncea) in Bashang cold area, North China. The leaf area index (LAI), diurnal variation of net photosynthetic rate, dry matter accumulation in the aboveground part, nutrient accumulation and agronomic traits, yield were monitored by using comparison of the local traditional Brassica juncea variety Dahuang. The results showed that the growth period of Huayouza 62 was about 10 days longer, the average LAI was higher by 23.36%-36.73%; the net photosynthetic rate of pods was lower than that of Dahuang, the accumulation of N, P, K was higher than that of Dahuang; the dry matter rapid growth period was prolonged 21 days and the dry matter accumulation potential value was 46.86% higher than that of Dahuang and the rapeseed yield was 22.8%-54.0% higher than that of Dahuang. Brassica napus Huayouza 62 has a good ecological adaptability to the cold environment in Bashang, North China, and has the advantages of replacing the traditional Brassica juncea varieties in the region.