转基因作物的生物安全：基因漂移及其潜在生态风险的研究和管控

转基因作物品种在商业化推广的20多年间发展迅猛,在保障食品供应、拓展农业功能、缓解资源约束、保护生态环境等方面做出了卓越贡献。在创造巨大经济、环境和社会效益的同时,转基因作物的生物安全问题也引起了全球的广泛关注和讨论。其中,难以准确预见的外源基因通过基因漂移逃逸至非转基因作物及其野生近缘种,进而导致潜在的生态风险就是国内外学者的研究热点。围绕基因漂移的机制及其生态风险、风险评估、控制措施等问题进行介绍和讨论,并展望转基因生物技术的发展趋势。

Biosafety of Transgenic Crop: Research and Constraint of Potential Ecological Risk of Gene Flow

Genetically modified (GM) crop is developing fast in the past 20 years on a large-scale commercialization and extension, which makes a great contribution to the food supply, extension of agriculture function, alleviation of resources constraints and protection of ecological environment. Global concerns and debates have been raised by the biosafety of GM crop while great economic, environmental and social benefits are brought by their planting. Transgene can escape to non-GM crops and wild relatives via gene flow resulting in ecological risk, which is mostly studied by domestic and foreign researchers. This paper mainly compassed the introduction and discussion about the mechanism, ecological risk, risk assessment, and the control measures of gene flow, furthermore, the future utilization of GM technology was proposed.