勐腊林区农民参与森林管理探讨

勐腊县在1980～1985年实行农民参与式森林代管.代管期间,全县乱砍滥伐、毁林开荒面积由1978年的2 973.3hm2下降到1985年的271.3hm2;森林火灾次数和受害面积降低,分别是实行代管前的11.9%和39.4%.农民的造林积极性提高,造林面积年平均为1110.7hm2,是代管前的2.72倍,集体或农户造林面积占96.3%;妇女从事林业生产活动时间增加,由1980年每人的40天增加到1985年的100天.农户采集和销售的非木质林产品数量增加,1984年全县干竹笋采集量为86t,分别是1978年的3.55倍和1988年的1.72倍,全县收购的紫胶、竹笋、木耳和藤篾分别是是代管前的1.86、2.67、2.21和2.85倍;销售森林产品和代管森林所获得的收入由1980年的110元增加到1985年的320元,提高291%.说明农民参与森林管理有利于森林资源的保护和农村经济的发展.以此对勐腊县森林管理实行农民代管的原因、方法及存在问题进行了总结.

Forest Management of Mengla Forest Region with the Participation of Local People

Forest management of Mengla county was conducted by local people from year 1980 to 1985. The results of study on relevant investigation and statistic data collected implied that local people's participation in forest management was benefit for forest protection and rural economic development. During this period when the forest resources were managed by local people, the forest area encountering logging, cutting down trees for the purpose of opening up farmland decreased from 2 973 3 hm 2 of year 1978 to 271 3 hm 2 of year 1985. The occurring times of forest fire and it's damaged area were 11 9% and 39 4% of that without the participation of local people. The mass's enthusiasm in planting trees was inspired. Annual reforestation area with the participation of local people was 1 110 7hm 2, 2 72 times of that without the participation of local people. Women engaged themselves in forestry activity 100 days in year 1985, whereas 40 days in year 1980. Besides, the amount of non forest products, e g. bamboo shoot, lac, agaric and rattan, etc. collected and sold by households increased. Income per household gained from selling non-forest products and participating in forest management increased from 110 yuan in year 1980 to 320 yuan in year 1985. The background of conducting participatory forest management in Mengla county, management ways, and existing issues were also summarized.