关于转基因技术应用于水稻育种研究的思考

 全球转基因作物种植面积迅速扩大，转基因水稻终将进入商品化生产，为此需要在理论、技术和材料上做好充分的准备。笔者认为：确认常规育种的主体地位，制定充分发挥转基因技术的特点、整合载体构建、花药培养、分子标记新技术的技术路线对提高育种效率至关重要；在实验室层面，需要根据育种目标精心选择目的基因，构建高效、安全的表达载体，优化转基因体系，努力提高籼稻转化频率，减少体细胞无性系变异，探索叶绿体转化技术；在田间试验阶段，需要确定合适的参试株系数，建议每个载体以100～200个株系为宜；区试阶段是对参试品种（系）进行转基因监控的最有效时机；提出水稻生物反应器研究和利用转基因技术修复污染环境的一些原则；不同领域科学家之间的沟通和合作是转基因水稻走向市场的保证。

Discussion on Application of Gene Modification in Rice Breeding

During years of 1996 to 2006, the global planting area of GM crops has been increasing consistently every year. In 2006, it reached 102 million hectares. It is believed that transgenic rice will eventually be commercialized. It is time to establish theoretical, technical and material Preparation. The viewpoints of the authors are the following: The technology roadmap should utilize transformation and integrate other biotechnologies, such as vector construction, anther culture and marker assistant selection etc, based on the conventional breeding, which is critical to achieve ideal results. It is important to select target gene (s), construct efficient vectors, optimize transformation system, improve transformation frequency of indica rice, establish method of rice chloroplast transformation and reduce somaclonal variation during transformation. To ensure enough lines necessary for selection in the field, 100-200 lines is recommended. The best time for monitoring potential transgenic lines is during regional yield trails. Some principles should be followed during study on rice bioreactor and phytoremediation. In the last the cooperation and exchange of information among scientists in different area is essential to market the GM rice.