施氮量对超高产大豆中黄35花荚形成及产量的影响

为揭示氮肥对超高产大豆花、荚形成及产量的影响规律。田间研究了施纯氮（0,45,90,135 kg/hm2）处理对中黄35叶片生长、开花、结荚及产量的影响。结果表明,施氮90,135 kg/hm2较未施氮明显增加主茎第9节至第15节的叶面积和群体叶面积指数,增加第9节至第14节花数、第6节至第16节荚数和腔数,开花期、结荚期分别延长0~4 d,0~12 d;单位面积总花数、腔数和产量分别增加8.4%~37.4%,3.9%~29.2%,3.1%~11.5%,施氮135 kg/hm2处理的产量达6 514.8 kg/hm2,其总花数为3 489.5×104朵/hm2,总腔数为3 349.5×104个/hm2。开花期施氮肥增产的重要原因是促进上部节叶片生长,增加群体叶面积指数,并延长开花期和结荚期,增加上部节的花数、荚数和腔数。超高产大豆田的适宜施氮量为90 kg/hm2左右。

Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Formation of Flowers and Pods and Output of Zhonghuang 35 Super-high Yield Soybean

The precent study was carried out to discuss the effect of N fertilizer on the formation of flowers,pods and output of Zhonghuang 35 super-high yield soybean. The results showed that N fertilizer application（ 90,135 kg /hm2） may increase the indexes of leaf area and population area,flower number between 9th and 15 th internod,pod number,flower number between 9th and 14 th internod,pod number and cavity number between 6th and 16 th internod of main stem; the flower stage and bearing pod stage prolonged 0- 4 d,0- 12 d; The total flower number,cavity number and yield of unit area increased by 8. 4%- 37. 4%,3. 9%- 29. 2%,3. 1%- 11. 5% respectively. If N fertilizer of 135 kg /hm2 were applied,the yield would reach 6514. 8 kg /hm2,whose total flower number was 3489.5 × 104 per hectare,total cavity number was 3349. 5 × 104 per hectare. N fertilizer application at the flower stage can improve leaf growth on upper internode of soybean plant,thereby can increase production of Zhonghuang 35,increase indexes of population area,also can prolong flower stage and bearing pods stage and flower number,pod number and cavity number on upper internode.