Molecular and metabolic changes of cherelle wilt of cacao and its effect on Moniliophthora roreri |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Sustainable Perennial Crops Laboratory, Plant Sciences Institute, USDA/ARS, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center-West, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA;2. CABI Caribbean & Latin America – CATIE Office, Centro Agronómico Tropica de Investigación y Enseñanza (CATIE), Turrialba 7170, Costa Rica;3. USDA-ARS Crop Systems & Global Change Lab, Beltsville 20705, MD, USA;1. The Mental Health Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China;2. Department of Anatomy, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China;3. Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China;1. Departments of Radiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Police Hospital, 4-22-1, Nakano, Nakano-ku, Tokyo, 164-0001, Japan;2. Gastroenterology (Y.S., K.O.), Tokyo Metropolitan Police Hospital, 4-22-1, Nakano, Nakano-ku, Tokyo, 164-0001, Japan;3. Department of Radiology (A.H.), Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan;1. Department of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, Cornell University, Geneva, NY 14456, United States;2. Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, OH 44691, United States;3. Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, Lower Eastern Shore Research and Education Center, Salisbury, MD 21801, United States;4. Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State University, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, OH 44691, United States |
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| Abstract: | Young Theobroma cacao pods, known as cherelles, are commonly lost to physiological thinning known as cherelle wilt. Cherelles are susceptible to frosty pod rot caused by Moniliophthora roreri. We studied the cherelle wilt process and its impact on M. roreri infection using microscopic, metabolite, and gene expression analyses. Wilt was associated with increased levels of tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediaries and decreased levels of major metabolites. Expression changes of cacao ESTs in response to wilt suggest induction of the polyamine, ethylene, and jasmonic acid biosynthetic pathways and regulation of abscisic acid and cytokinin levels. M. roreriinfection caused little alteration of cherelle physiology. M. roreri responded to the late stage of wilt by altering the expression of M. roreri ESTs associated with metabolite detoxification and host tissue degradation. The environment of the wilting cherelles may truncate the disease cycle of frosty pod rot, by limiting M. roreri sporulation and stopping the lifecycle. |
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| Keywords: | Physiological thinning Frosty pod Gene expression FPR" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0055" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" frosty pod rot |
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