Bacterial community structure of nirK-bearing denitrifiers and the development of properties of soils in created mitigation wetlands |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Environmental Science and Policy, George Mason University, 4400 University Drive, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA;2. United States Geological Survey, Water Resources Branch, 12201 Sunrise Valley Drive, Reston, VA 20192, USA;1. State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430070, PR China;2. National Key Laboratory for Shock Wave and Detonation Physics, Institute of Fluid Physics, P.O. Box 919-102, Mianyang 621900, PR China;3. Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Automotive Components, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China;4. Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan;5. School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan;6. International Research Center for Hydrogen Energy, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan;7. Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan;8. Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences Siberian Branch, 3 Acad. Lavrerntiev Pr, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia;9. Center for BioSystems Science & Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India;1. Tianjin Key Lab. of Indoor Air Environmental Quality Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300354, PR China;2. College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, 300384, PR China;3. School of Marine Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China;4. College of Art and Science, Miami University, Oxford, OH, 45056, USA;1. Research Center of Fluid Machinery Engineering and Technology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, PR China;2. Guangdong Key Laboratory of Precision Equipment and Manufacturing Technology, School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, PR China;3. School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai, PR China;4. College of Communication Engineering, Army Engineering University of PLA, Nanjing, PR China;1. Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Modern Design & Rotary-Bearing System, Xi''an Jiaotong University, Xi''an, 710049, PR China;2. Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi''an Jiaotong University, Xi''an, 710049, PR China;3. Center for Advancing Materials Performance from the Nanoscale, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi''an Jiaotong University, Xi''an, 710049, PR China |
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| Abstract: | We investigated the abundance and genetic heterogeneity of bacterial nitrite reductase genes (nir) and soil structural properties in created and natural freshwater wetlands in the Virginia piedmont. Soil attributes included soil organic matter (SOM), total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), pH, gravimetric soil moisture (GSM), and bulk density (Db). A subset of soil attributes were analyzed across the sites, using euclidean cluster analysis, resulting in three soil condition (SC) groups of increasing wetland soil development (i.e., SC1 < SC2 < SC3; less to more developed or matured) as measured by accumulation of TOC, TN, the increase of GSM, and the decrease of Db. There were no difference found in the bacterial community diversity between the groups (p = 0.4). NirK gene copies detected ranged between 3.6 × 104 and 3.4 × 107 copies g?1 soil and were significantly higher in the most developed soil group, SC3, than in the least developed soil group, SC1. However, the gene copies were lowest in SC2 that had a significantly higher soil pH (~6.6) than the other two SC groups (~5.3). The same pattern was found in denitrifying enzyme activity (DEA) on a companion study where DEA was found negatively correlated with soil pH. Gene fragments were amplified and products were screened by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis. Among 146 different T-RFs identified, fourteen were dominant and together made up more than 65% of all detected fragments. While SC groups did not relate to whole nirK communities, most soil properties that identified SC groups did significantly correlate to dominant members of the community. |
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| Keywords: | Denitrifying bacterial community Wetland soil T-RFLP qPCR Soil physicochemistry Created mitigation wetlands |
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