Standards for the contents of heavy metals and metalloids in soils |
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Authors: | Yu N Vodyanitskii |
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Institution: | 1.V.V. Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute,Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Moscow,Russia |
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Abstract: | In line with the present-day ecological and toxicological data obtained by Dutch ecologists, heavy metals/metalloids form
the following succession according to their hazard degree in soils: Se > Tl > Sb > Cd > V > Hg > Ni > Cu > Cr > As > Ba. This
sequence substantially differs from the succession of heavy elements presented in the general toxicological GOST (State Norms
and Standards) 17.4.1.02-8, which considers As, Cd, Hg, Se, Pb, and Zn to be strongly hazardous elements, whereas Co, Ni,
Mo, Sb, and Cr to be moderately hazardous. As compared to the general toxicological approach, the hazard of lead, zinc, and
cobalt is lower in soils, and that of vanadium, antimony, and barium is higher. The new sequence also differs from that of
the metal hazard in soils according to the Russian standard on the maximal permissible concentration of mobile metal forms
(MPCmob): Cu > Ni > Co > Cr > Zn. Neither an MPCmob nor an APCmob has been adopted for strongly hazardous thallium, selenium, and vanadium in Russia. The content of heavy metals in contaminated
soils is very unevenly studied: 11 of them, i.e., Cu, Zn, Pb, Ni, Cd, Cr, As, Mn, Co, Hg, and Se, are better known, while
the rest, much worse, although there are dangerous elements (Ba, V, Tl) among them. |
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