新西兰人工林的发展

新西兰造林事业始于1898年,历史上曾出现两次造林高潮。新西兰现有人工林总面积为1 133 022公顷,其中90%为辐射松。新西兰人工林的主要特点是:(1)几乎全部由外来树种组成;(2)人工林的生产周期较长,25-35年,经营强度高;(3)政府大量投资营建人工林;(4)政府采取各种方针和政策刺激和鼓励私营公司和个体农场主营建人工林;(5)人工林已经发展成为独立的产业,与其它产业部门一样,具有商业性的竞争能力。

A Review of the Development of Plantation Forestry in New Zealand

In terms of plantation forestry, New Zealand has become one of the most advanced countries in the world, especially in growing Pinus radiata.Historically.two planting booms placed plantation forestry in a very important position in the economics of New Zealand.There are 1133022 ha of plantations of which 90% is made of P.radiata.Almost all of the plantations have been established with exotics,such as radiata pine, eucalypts and douglas fir etc.Plantations are intensively managed with quite long rotation, normally 25 to 30 years.New Zealand governmentputs heavy investment on plantation forestry and encourages private cooperatives and landowners to develop plantations, but the government policies affecting forestry have changed considerably since 1984.Past afforestation programmes have successfully dedicated wood supply firstly to domestic selfsufficency and secondly to meeting the needs for exports.Plantation forestry activities are now considered to be purely commercial and in equal position to make profits in comparision with other sectors.Plantation forest contribute annually 9.3 million cubic meters of roundwood.3.7 million cubic meters of forest products were exported in 1987.Indigenous forest occupies 85% of the total forest area but contributes only 6% of the total wood production, mainly managed as natural reseves for recreational and scientific activities.