保加利亚主栽苹果品种在烟台试栽的果实品质分析

不同国家和地区的苹果种质资源具有不同的果实品质，本文以2012年从保加利亚引进的4个苹果主栽品种和烟台本地主栽品种‘红将军’为试验材料，分析了成熟期果实的常规品质、糖酸组分和香气物质的含量。结果表明，保加利亚品种与烟台本地品种在果实品质、口感和风味上存在明显差异，‘Martinike’的果实硬度、可溶性固形物含量、可溶性糖和总单宁含量均为最大，数值分别是9.8kg?cm-2，14.1%和9.43%、780.15mg?kg-1；在香气物质成分分析中，‘Martinike’检测出的香气物质种类最多为43种，且其醇类相对含量最高为27.79%，是典型的醇香型苹果，另外‘Martinike’的酯类含量最高，而与贮藏性呈正相关的ɑ-法尼烯的相对含量却是最低。综上认为，‘Martinike’的综合性状最为优良，可作为种质资源与本地品种杂交进行创新利用，并优先在烟威地区乃至全省及苹果适栽区进行推广。

Fruit quality analysis of main Bulgarian apple varieties in Yantai

Apple germplasm resources in different countries and regions have different fruit quality. In this paper, four main apple varieties'' siana '','' Gorana '','' Martinike ''and'' Elegia ''introduced from Bulgaria in 2012 and the local main apple variety'' Red general ''in Yantai were used as experimental materials to analyze the conventional quality, sugar and acid components, aroma substances and free amino acids of fruits at maturity.The results showed that there were significant differences in fruit quality, taste and flavor between Bulgarian varieties and Yantai local varieties. In the conventional quality test, the average fruit weight and titratable acid content of ''Gorana'' were the largest, which were 281.6g and 0.82% respectively, and the fruit hardness, soluble solid content and soluble sugar content of ''Martinike'' were the largest,?The values are 9.8kg/cm2, 14.1% and 9.43%, respectively; In the analysis of total tannins and sugar acid components, the highest total tannin content in ''Martinike'' is 780mg / kg, the highest vitamin C content in ''Elegia'' is 3.85mg/100g, the highest fructose content in ''Red general'' is 1.10g/100g, and the highest malic acid content in ''Gorana'' is 9279.41mg/kg;?In the analysis of aroma components, ''Martinike'' and ''Elegia'' detected 43 kinds of aroma substances at most, and the relative content of alcohol in ''Martinike'' was the highest, 27.79%, which was a typical mellow apple.?In addition, the ester content of ''Martinike'' is also the highest among all varieties, with a value of 22.29%;?In the analysis of free amino acids, only 6 species were detected in ''Martinike'', but the total content was the highest, reaching 0.71g/100g, of which aspartic acid was the highest, and 10 species were detected in ''Red general'', and the total content was the lowest, only 0.15g/100g. In conclusion, ''Martinike'' has the best comprehensive characters, which can be used as a germplasm resource for innovative utilization by hybridization with local varieties, and is preferentially popularized in Yanwei area, even in the whole province and apple suitable planting areas.