流域侵蚀输沙空间尺度效应及其影响因素研究进展

侵蚀输沙空间变异及其尺度效应是流域水文过程研究的一个重要内容,对流域水土流失控制和水沙资源科学管理具有重要意义。通过对流域侵蚀输沙空间尺度效应研究成果的系统回顾,从坡面到流域,阐述了降雨、土壤和植被等环境要素对侵蚀输沙尺度效应的影响,梳理了尺度效应产生机制方面的认知,总结了不同条件下坡面产流和侵蚀输沙尺度转换的代表性方法。在此基础上,对流域侵蚀输沙空间尺度效应研究的发展趋势进行了讨论,未来应增加新技术和数据的应用,建立具有明确物理机制的侵蚀输沙空间尺度转换方法,同时,急需突破剧烈环境变化对空间尺度效应影响的研究。本文的梳理与总结可为流域侵蚀输沙过程的深入研究提供参考,为土壤侵蚀防治和河流水沙的综合管理提供一定的科学支持。

Review of the Scale Effects of Soil Erosion and Sediment Delivery and Their Influencing Factors

Study of the spatial variations and scale effects of soil erosion and sediment delivery is critical for fully understanding watershed hydrological processes and sustainable watershed management. We reviewed published literatures and existed knowledge relating scale effects of soil erosion and sediment delivery, described the effects of spatial heterogeneity of environmental factors, including geology, climate, vegetation, and human activities on the scale effects of sediment yield, and summarized representative conclusions and the corresponding transformation functions for describing the scale effects of runoff generation and soil erosion on hillslopes. Finally, we proposed that future studies should pay more attention to the disturbance of scale effects caused by human activities and to the establishment of physically-based scaling functions. This review will provide information for further study of the soil erosion and sediment delivery processes, and support the planning of soil conservation measures and watershed management projects at different scales.