柞蚕灰卵对螟黄赤眼蜂寄主适应性及选择偏好的影响

为明确螟黄赤眼蜂Trichogramma chilonis对柞蚕Antheraea pernyi灰卵(一种感病寄主卵)的适应性，本研究以柞蚕灰卵为供试寄主，健康卵为对照，探究了螟黄赤眼蜂对柞蚕灰卵的寄生选择与适应性，并比较了螟黄赤眼蜂对寄主的嗅觉反应。结果表明：螟黄赤眼蜂对柞蚕灰卵表现出较强的嗅觉反应。无选择条件下，螟黄赤眼蜂在灰卵和健康卵上的寄生率、羽化率、窝蜂数和窝卵数均有显著差异，在灰卵上的寄生率、羽化率、窝蜂数和窝卵数分别为45.0%、36.9%、56.6头和61.4粒，而在健康卵上分别为74.0%、80.2%、102.1头和105.7粒；双向选择条件下，螟黄赤眼蜂在柞蚕灰卵上的寄生率、羽化率、窝蜂数和窝卵数分别为34.0%、72.7%、61.5头和72.1粒，而在健康卵上分别为60.0%、88.6%、89.9头和91.3粒，其中寄生率和窝蜂数呈显著差异，而羽化率和窝卵数无显著差异。螟黄赤眼蜂在灰卵上的发育历期长于在健康卵上的历期，灰卵中孵化的后代雌性比也高于健康卵。表明柞蚕灰卵对螟黄赤眼蜂寄主适应性产生一定程度的不良影响。

Effects of the gray eggs of Antheraea pernyi on parasitism and host preference of Trichogramma chilonis

To clarify effects of the gray eggs of Antheraea pernyi, a diseased host egg, on parasitism and host preference of Trichogramma chilonis, the parasitism capacities of T. chilonis reared by both type of hosts were evaluated with the gray eggs of A. pernyi as the test host and healthy eggs as control. Meanwhile, the olfactory response of T. chilonis on both type of hosts was compared. The results showed that T. chilonis significantly preferred to the gray eggs of A. pernyi. Under no choice conditions, the parasitism rate and emergence rate of T. chilonis on gray eggs, number of emerged wasps and total number of offspring were 45.0%, 36.9%, 56.6 and 61.4 individuals, respectively, while the responding data on healthy eggs were 74.0%, 80.2%, 102.1 and 105.7 individuals, respectively. There were significant differences in the above development performance between gray eggs and healthy eggs. Under paired choice conditions, the parasitism rate and emergence rate of T. chilonis on gray eggs, number of emerged wasps and total number of offspring were 34.0% and 72.7%, 61.5 and 72.1 individuals, respectively, while the responding data on healthy eggs were 60.0%, 88.6%, 89.9 and 91.3 individuals, respectively. There were significant differences in the parasitism rate and number of emerged wasps between gray eggs and healthy eggs, while there were no significant differences in the emergence rate and total number of offspring. The developmental time and female progeny of T. chilonis on gray eggs were higher than those on healthy eggs, respectively. The results indicated that the gray eggs of A. pernyi could adversely affect the parasitism of T. chilonis to some degree.