南海热带岛礁农业开发现状与对策

南海的东沙、西沙、中沙和南沙群岛是中国固有领土,其战略与经济地位突出。在分析热带岛礁分布、资源特点、农业生产技术研究进展的基础上,探讨了热带岛礁农业的定义、发展模式及策略,提出热带岛礁农业的发展应以维护岛礁生态系统的稳定为基础,构建以农业生产、岛礁人工林带、海岸生态林带、海岸沙滩固沙带、礁盘-浅海防护带不同群落带为基础的热带岛屿生态系统。农业生产中可重点引进生长迅速、抗逆性好的景观、药食两用型植物或蔬菜品种,如木麻黄、草海桐、厚藤、十万错、假蒟等。优先发展并集成对岛礁生态系统干扰少、资源依赖度低的防虫网配合遮阳网等实用生产技术,同时生产发展中应注重对有害生物、入侵生物的防控,构建景观异质化程度高的生态型热带岛礁。

Agricultural Development and Strategy of Tropical Islands in South China Sea

Tropical islands in South China Sea are Chinese territory and have important strategic position and economic status. According to the analysis of distributions, natural factors, agriculture development status of tropical islands, the definition, development strategies of tropical islands agriculture were discussed. It is suggested that the development of tropical island agricultures should base on the protection of island ecosystem, and to construct sustainable island ecosystem consist of agriculture products system, artificial forests belt, costal eco-forest belt, coastal sand-fixed belt, offshore coral reef protect zone. Landscape plants, medical and edible plants, vegetable cultivars with high growth rates and stress resistance, such as Casuarina equisetifolia, Scaevola sericea, Ipomoea pescaprae, Asystasia nemorum, Piper sarmentosum, can be introduced and used in agriculture production. Cultivation techniques with fewer disturbances to island ecosystem and less resources consumption are essential, such as the use of fly net and shading net. At the same time, the control of pests and alien invasive species must be introduced during the island ecosystem management.