沿黄稻区土壤透水性状况及深松施肥的改善效果

通过对沿黄稻麦区稻作期间 57块典型田块的土壤渗漏速率测定 ,表明 59.6%的田块的土壤渗漏速率在 2 0～ 30mm/d ,约 30 %的田块渗漏速率过大 ,1 0 .5%的田块则因有障碍层而使土壤渗漏率过小。调查发现 ,施肥状况与土壤透水性有较密切关系 ,长期施用有机肥对土壤透水性能有改善效果。采用日产深松机深松 1～ 4次能有效打破 0～ 45cm土层内的紧实层或障碍层 ,减轻土壤紧实度 ,提高土壤渗漏速率。其中以深松 1次处理的产量最高 ,是既经济又有效的土壤透水性的改善措施

Status of Soil Water Permeability in the Rice and Wheat Rotation Area along Yellow River and Improvement Effect of Deep Digging and Fertilization on Soil Permeability

The water permeability of 57 representative paddy soils in the rice and wheat rotation area along the yellow river was measured during the period of rice growth. The results indicated that the percolation rate of 59.6 percent of measured soils was 20～30 mm/d.30% of that was above 30 mm/d and 10.5% was below 20 mm/d due to the compact layer exsited in the soil profile.There was close relation between the soil permeability and fertilization.Long term usage of organic fertilizer could effectively improve the soil permeability.By the deep digging machine,the compact layer or obstacle horizon in the soil profile could be broken so that the soil compactness was decreased and the percolation rate was raised.Deep digging 1 time was economical and effective measurement on improvement of soil permeability.