基于联合收获机的花生适机栽培技术研究

基于花生机械化收获地面损失率高的问题,采用L_9(3~4)正交试验设计,研究行距(A)、种植方式(B)、肥料用量(C)和追肥方式(D)等因素对产量的效应;同时采用联合收获机对不同种植方式的花生进行机械收获,测定地面损失率以验证最佳的种植方式。直观分析结果表明,各因素对花生籽仁产量效应主次排序为ACBD,以处理6(A_2B_3C_1D_2)的小区平均籽仁产量最高,但根据K均值大小选出的最优组合为A_2B_3C_1D_3,即:花生品种福花8号在沙性土壤中栽培,在基本苗27万株·hm~(-2)种植密度条件下,以畦宽90cm(含沟30cm),畦面宽55cm、行距33cm,组合交错(7~19cm)种植,全生育期施用纯N 52.5kg·hm~(-2)(N∶P_2O_5∶K_2O=1∶1.2∶0.8,其中P肥全部用作基肥,N、K肥基肥与追肥比例为1∶1),花生出苗后13d采取畦边撒施(覆土)的方式追施苗肥,盛花期叶面撒施450kg·hm~(-2)石灰的种植方式为佳。机械收获地面损失测定结果,组合交错种植方式的地面损失率是传统等位等距种植方式的1/6,是等距交错种植方式的2/5。

Peanut Cultivation for Mechanized Harvesting

Aimed to reduce high loss associated with the mechanized peanut harvesting,an L9 (34 )orthogonal experiment was conducted.The design included the effects of (A)planting row spacing, (B)cropping pattern, (C)fertilization,and (D)top fertizer application on peanut output.Losses in the field due to the mechanical harvesting by using a Lianhe Harvesterwere recorded for comparison.The yields of peanut kernels in various treatmentsranked in the order of:A>C>B>D.The greatest average yield came from the combination ofA2 B3 C1 D2 .However,based on the mean k values,A2 B3 C1 D3 was the optimal combinationthat called forthe planting of Fuhua 8 on a sandy soil with the following conditions:a planting density of 270 000 plants · hm-2 , 90 cm widecultivation strips (including a 30 cm gully),55 cm widestrip surface,33 cm spacing between rows,7-19 cm combined alternating planting,pure N 5 2.5 kg · hm-2 fertilization for the entiregrowth stages (with a ratio of fertilizer of N∶P2 O5∶K2 O=1∶1.2∶0.8,P 100% basis fertilizer,N,K base fertilizer∶top fertilizer=1∶1),a top fertilization on strip edge 13 days after plant emergence,and alime-coating of 450 kg·hm-2 on leaf surfaces at blooming stage.The kernel loss in mechanized harvesting the peanut plants cultivated under the choice combination was 1/6 of the traditional equipotential isometric cultivation and 2/5 of the isometric staggered cultivation.