不同授粉方式下锥栗果实的生长发育特性

选用‘华栗3号’为材料,采用异交、自交、不授粉及自然授粉4种授粉方式探究锥栗(Castanea henryi)果实的生长发育特性.结果表明:锥栗果实生长发育期约135 d,异交、自然授粉的总苞和子房及自交、不授粉的总苞的鲜重均呈"慢—快—慢—快"的增长趋势,自交、不授粉的子房鲜重呈"慢—快—慢"的增长趋势,总苞和子房纵横径呈"慢—快—慢"增长趋势,果实成熟时总苞和子房大小均表现为异交自然授粉自交不授粉;不同授粉处理对锥栗座苞及落果的影响不同,异交、自然授粉经历了2次落果高峰期,自交、不授粉则经历了3次落果高峰期,落果最高峰均出现在花后90~105 d;不同授粉处理显著影响锥栗的结实率和空苞率,4种授粉处理的坐苞率、结实率大小均表现为异交自然授粉自交不授粉,空苞率大小表现为不授粉自交自然授粉异交.

Growth and development characteristics of Castanea henryi by different pollination methods

To optimize planting practices for maximum yield, ‘Huali 3’ Castanea henryi was pollinated by 4 methods, including cross pollination ( Cp) , self pollination ( Sp) , non-pollination ( Nop) and natural pollination ( Nap) . Fresh weights of involucre and ovary, vertical and horizontal development during the growth, rates of bud sitting, fruit abscission and empty bract were recorded. Results showed that it took 135 days to reach maturity. Growth rates of fresh weights of involucre and ovary from Cp and Nap, and involucre from Sp and Nop showed pattern of“slow-fast-slow-fast”, while changes in fresh weights of ovary from Sp and Nop showed pattern of “slow-fast-slow”. When the fruit rippen, sizes of involucre and ovary from 4 pollination methods were Cp, Nap, Sp and Nop in a descending order. In terms of bud sitting and fruit abscission, C.henryi that received Nap experienced peaks of fruit abscis-sion twice while those received Sp and Nop experienced peaks three times. Similarly, all peaks occurred 90-105 days after flower-ing. Rates of bud sitting and seed setting varied greatly among all pollination methods, which were from Cp, Nap, Sp and Nop in a descending order, and those for empty bract were Nop, Sp, Nap and Cp in a descending order. In conclusion, flowering stage ( 0 days after anthesis) and rapid fruit growth period ( 45-60 days and 90-105 days after anthesis) were critical periods for fruit devel-opment. Irrigation and fertilization should be emphasized during these stages for maximum yield.