农户土地产权意愿研究——以重庆市璧山县大路镇为例

以重庆市璧山县大路镇为例,采用问卷调查法,对大路镇14个村3个社区农户土地产权意愿的总体特点及不同年龄、文化程度、收入水平存在的差异进行探讨,提出了坚持集体所有的改革方向、明确集体所有者、赋予所有者完整的所有权权能、保障农户对土地的用益物权4个完善产权制度的建议。结果表明,土地所有权认识模糊,土地私有化倾向不明显,近2/3的农户认为农村土地集体所有;土地处分权认识混乱,越权处置土地现象明显,土地的处分权大多数由国家、社集体乃至村委会行使,村委会或者村集体对属于社集体的土地越权处置现象比较明显;不同群体间对所有权认识存在一定差异,不同年龄段、不同文化程度、不同收入水平的农户均呈现对土地所有权认识模糊,土地私有化倾向不明显;不同群体对土地处分权认识存在一定的差异,不同年龄段、不同文化程度、不同收入水平的农户均呈现对土地处分权认识混乱、越权处置土地的特征。

Peasants' Awareness of Land Property Rights

Taking Dalu Town,Bishan County,Chongqing as an example,general characteristics of peasants′ awareness of land property rights are discussed,as well as the differences in age,education degree and income level,according to the questionnaire survey on peasants′ awareness of land property rights in 14 villages. Four suggestions are put forward to improve the property right system,such as adhering to the reform direction of collective ownership,defining the owner of the collective,giving the complete ownership power to the owner,and ensuring the usufructuary right of land for peasants. Result shows that the understanding of land ownership is obscure and the tendency of land privatization is insignificant. Nearly 2/3 peasants think that rural land belongs to the collective. And the right of land disposition is unclear. For instance,the village committee or village collective usually disposes the land belonging to the community,which is an act in excess of authority. There are differences in the recognition of property among different groups. Peasant households with different ages,education degrees and income levels have unclear understandings of land ownership and the tendency of land privatization is insignificant. There are also certain differences in the recognition of land disposition right among groups. Peasant households with different ages,education degrees and income levels have unclear understandings of land disposition right and land disposition in excess of authority usually happens.