不同动物对醉马草种子扩散的影响

动物通过皮毛携带、搬运等方式对种子在空间上的扩散产生不同影响，是植物种子实现远距离扩散的重要途径。以草原毒害草醉马草（Achnatherum inebrians）为研究材料，采用野外模拟及控制性试验，测定了马、牛、羊皮毛附着和保留种子的能力，以及鼠类、蚂蚁对种子的搬运能力，分析动物对醉马草种子的扩散规律。结果表明，马、牛、羊模型种子的附着率：羊 > 牛 > 马（P<0.05），种子掉落率：羊 < 牛 < 马（P<0.05）；随着行走天数的延长，种子在马、牛、羊皮毛上的附着率呈下降趋势。马的背部以及牛、羊的背、侧部最易附着种子；种子的侧部最易附着在皮毛上，以种子顶部附着的种子最不易掉落。24 h内鼠类、蚂蚁对种子的扩散范围分别为0~15 cm和0~40 cm。综上所述，家畜对醉马草种子起到远距离扩散作用，且羊比马、牛更容易增加种子的扩散强度。蚂蚁、鼠类对醉马草种子起到短距离扩散作用。

Effects of Different Animals on Seed Dispersal Characteristics of Achnatherum inebrians

Animal carry is an important way for plant seed to achieve long-distance dispersal, transport and store in different ways. Taking Achnatherum inebrians as the research material, field simulation and control experiments were conducted to investigate the ability of horse, cattle, and sheep fur attaching and retaining seed, as well as seed carrying ability of mice and ants, and to analyze the dispersal law of animals for A. inebrians seed. The results showed that the seed attachment rate of horse, cattle and sheep model was sheep > cattle > horse (P<0.05), and the seed drop rate was sheep < cattle < horse (P<0.05). With the extension of walking days, the adhesion rate of seed on horse, cattle and sheep fur is decreased. Seed is most easily attached to the back of horse, cattle and sheep. The side of the seed is most easily attached to the fur, and the seed attached to the top of the seed is least likely to fall. Within 24 hours, the seed dispersal range of mice and ants was 0~15 cm and 0~40 cm, respectively. To sum up, livestock play a role in long-distance dispersal of A. inebrians seeds, and sheep are easier to increase the dispersal intensity of seeds than horse and cattle. Ant and rat can dispersal the seeds of A. inebrians in a short distance.