4个优良李品种引种到黔东南的物候期观察及枝芽特性研究

为丰富贵州省黔东南的李树栽培品种类型,促进该地区李树产业品种结构调整及其可持续健康发展。2019~2020年连续两年对该地区当前大力推广或新引种的‘青脆李’‘红心鸭蛋李’‘黄金奈李’‘蜂糖李’4个优良品种进行物候期观察和枝梢性状评价。结果表明:‘青脆李’‘红心鸭蛋李’‘黄金奈李’‘蜂糖李’均生长良好,能正常结实,‘青脆李’在7月上旬成熟,‘蜂糖李’在7月中旬成熟,‘红心鸭蛋李’在7月下旬成熟,‘黄金奈李’在8月初成熟,成熟期从7月上旬持续到8月上旬,丰富了该地区各成熟期品种资源。同时4个品种的萌芽率为72.87%~79.36%,成枝力为74.35%~84.83%,4个品种的成枝力均较高,幼树均以长枝和超长枝为主,在生长期综合应用摘下、拉枝和刻芽等技术,促进形成短枝和花束状果枝,促进早结丰产。

Phenological Observation and Branch Characteristics Evaluation of Plum Varieties Introduced to Southeast Guizhou

In order to enrich the plum cultivars in southeast Guizhou and promote the adjustment of the plum industrial variety structure and its sustainable and healthy development,from 2019 to 2020,the phenological period observation and shoot traits evaluation of four excellent varieties of‘Qingkui Plum’,‘Hongxin Yadan Plum’,‘Golden Nailus Plum’and‘Beetang Plum’were conducted for two consecutive years.The results showed that‘Qingkui Plum’,‘HongxinYadan Plum’,‘Golden Nailus Plum’and‘Beetang Plum’all grow well and can produce fruit normally.‘Qingkui Plum’matures in early July;‘Beetang Plum’matures in mid-July;‘Hongxin Yadan Plum’matures in late July,and‘Golden Nailus Plum’matures in early August.The maturation period lasts from early July to early August,which enriches the variety resources of various maturation periods in this area.Meanwhile,the germination rate of the four varieties was 72.87%~79.36%,and the branching power was 74.35%~84.83%.The branching power of the four varieties was high,and the saplings were mainly long branches and super-long branches.In the growth period,the techniques of picking,pulling and bud carving were applied comprehensively to promote the formation of short branches and bouquet-shaped fruit branches,and to promote the early setting and high yield.