不同改良措施对盐碱土土壤细菌群落多样性的影响

本研究以大同盆地的中度盐碱地为研究对象，分析不施肥（CK）、常规施肥下添加生物质炭和CaSO₄（L）、常规施肥下添加生物质炭和CaSO₄及种植2，3，4行（LC1，LC2，LC3）绿肥等5个处理对土壤养分状况和细菌群落多样性的影响。研究结果表明：与对照相比，各改良处理显著降低了土壤电导率及Ca²⁺，Mg²⁺，K⁺，HCO₃^-，SO₄^2-含量，且在LC1处理下地上生物量最高；在门水平上，5个处理的15个样品共获得30个类群，使用线性判别分析比较了各处理中的细菌群落，结果表明在LC1，LC2，LC3处理中发现的优势菌群更有利于土壤培肥和植物生长；土壤细菌相对丰富度和土壤环境因子间的冗余分析结果表明，全氮、全磷、有机质含量与Flavisolibacter和鞘脂单胞菌属（Sphingomomas）相对丰富度呈显著正相关关系，Na⁺含量与溶杆菌属（Lysobacter）相对丰富度呈显著正相关关系，Cl^-含量与Longimicrobium，Luteimonas（藤黄单胞菌属），Pedosphaera相对丰富度呈显著正相关关系（P<0.05）。综合分析可知，不同改良措施在盐碱地的应用改变了土壤细菌群落结构，且LC1处理下地上生物产量最高，其优势菌群更有利于土壤培肥和植物生长，从而有利于促进盐碱土土壤改良。

Effects of Different Improvement Measures on the Diversity of Soil Bacteria Communities in Salt-alkali Soil

In order to provide scientific basis for the improvement and rational utilization of soda saline-alkali,the effects of different improvement measures on the diversity of soil bacteria communities in salt-alkali soil were revealed in Shanxi. The five treatments were as follows:non-fertilizing (CK),adding biomass charcoal under conventional fertilization and CaSO₄(L),adding biomass charcoal under conventional fertilization and CaSO₄ and planting green manure with different row spacing(LC1，LC2，LC3). The results showed that:Compared with the control check (CK),the soil conductivity，the Ca²⁺,Mg²⁺,K⁺,HCO₃^-,SO₄^2- contents of the other treatments were significantly reduced,and the aboveground biomass was the highest under LC1 treatment;At the phylum level,a total of 30 taxa were obtained from 15 samples;LEfSe showed that LC1，LC2,LC3 treatment was more beneficial to soil fertility and plant growth;RDA revealed that the contents of total nitrogen,total phosphorus and organic matter were positively correlated with Flavisolibacter and Sphingomomas, Na⁺ content with Lysobacter,and Cl^- content with Longimicrobium,Luteimonas,Pedosphaera (P<0.05). Comprehensive analysis showed that LC1 treatment was not only beneficial to the increase of aboveground biological yield,but also to the change of soil bacterial community in saline-alkali soil. The LC1 treatment is more suitable for popularization and application.