长期、短期增温对高寒草甸AM真菌群落结构的影响

为了探究试验增温对丛枝菌根（Arbuscular mycorrhizal，AM）真菌群落的影响是否依处理时间长短而异的，本研究测定了青藏高原高寒草甸AM真菌群落对长期（17年）和短期（3年）开顶式小室（OTCs）增温的响应，推断了驱动AM群落构建的生态学过程。结果发现长期、短期增温分别降低了45.7%和80.0%的AM真菌物种丰富度。长期增温对AM真菌物种丰富度的负效应由根生物量降低所介导，而短期增温的负效应由土壤氮限制所介导。此外，长期、短期增温不仅能改变AM真菌群落的物种组成和谱系组成，还导致驱动AM真菌群落构建的生态学过程从环境过滤向环境过滤和竞争排斥的中和作用转变。上述结果说明增温对AM真菌群落的影响和作用机制是依处理时间长短而异的，也表明通过添加外源性氮素以促进植物根系的生长是缓解气候变暖对高寒草甸AM真菌多样性负效应的有效手段。

Effects of Long-term and Short-term Warming on Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Community in Alpine Meadow Ecosystem

To explore whether the effect of experimental warming on the Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal community depends on the duration of treatment, this study measured the response of AM fungal community to long-term (17a) and short-term (3a) warming with Open-top Trade Chambers (OTCs) in alpine meadow ecosystem on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and inferred the main ecological processes that drive the assemblage of AM community. Results showed that long-term warming reduced the AM fungal species richness by 45.7%, while short-term warming reduced it by 80%. The negative effect of long-term warming on AM fungal species richness was mediated by the decrease in root biomass, while the negative effect of short-term warming was mediated by soil nitrogen limitation. In addition, both long-term and short-term warming not only changed the species and phylogenetic composition of AM fungal community, but also led to the transformation of the ecological process from environmental filtration to the neutralization of habitat filtration and competitive exclusion. Our results suggest that the intensity and mechanism of the effect of warming on AM fungal community depend on the duration of treatment. This illustrates that the addition of exogenous nitrogen to promote the growth of plant roots is an effective method to alleviate the negative effects of climate warming on AM fungal diversity in the alpine meadow ecosystem.