不同刈割期对饲用小黑麦草产量和营养品质的影响

为了筛选湖南地区饲用小黑麦（Triticale Wittmack）的最佳刈割时期，本试验研究了2个小黑麦品种（‘中饲1048’，‘冀饲2号’）和2个小黑麦新品系（‘中饲3297’，‘中饲1257’）在3个刈割期（拔节期，灌浆期，成熟期）的农艺性状、草产量和营养品质。结果表明：不同刈割期小黑麦的株高、分蘖数、绿叶数、鲜草和干草产量均存在显著差异，灌浆期的鲜草和干草产量（46.92和12.97 t·hm^-2）最高，拔节期的绿叶数（4.10片）最多，成熟期的株高（176.76 cm）最高，分蘖数（329.17万个·hm^-2）最多。不同刈割期小黑麦的粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗灰分、中（酸）性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤木质素和可溶性糖含量均存在显著差异，随着刈割期的推迟，粗蛋白、粗脂肪和粗灰分含量逐渐下降，中（酸）性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤木质素含量逐渐增加，可溶性糖含量逐渐下降。综合分析表明，饲用小黑麦的最佳刈割时期为灌浆期，此时鲜（干）草产量最高，营养品质较高。

Effects of Different Cutting Time on the Forage Yield and Nutritional Quality of Forage Triticale

In order to screen the best cutting time of forage triticale in Hunan Province,the agronomic traits,forage yield and nutritional quality of 2 triticale varieties (‘Zhongsi 1048’,‘Jisi No. 2’) and 2 new triticale lines (‘Zhongsi 3297’,‘Zhongsi 1257’) were studied at 3 growth periods (jointing period,filling period,mature period). The results showed that significant differences existed in the plant height,tiller number,green leaf number,fresh weight and hay yield of triticale at different cutting time. The fresh weight and hay yield (46.92 and 12.97 t·hm^-2) were the highest at the filling period,and the number of green leaves (4.10 pieces) was the most at the jointing period. The plant height (176.76 cm) was the highest at the mature period,and the number of tillers (3.29×10⁶·hm^-2) was the most. Significant differences were also found in the crude protein,ether extract,crude ash,neutral detergent fiber,acid detergent fiber,acid detergent lignin and soluble sugar content of triticale at different cutting time. With the postponement of the cutting time,the content of crude protein,ether extract,crude ash and soluble sugar content gradually decreased,and the content of neutral detergent fiber,acid detergent fiber and acid detergent lignin gradually increased. Comprehensive analysis showed that the best cutting time for forage triticale was the filling period,when the fresh weight and hay yield were the highest and the nutritional quality was higher.