蚓粪复合基质对辣椒幼苗生长的影响

蚓粪是蚯蚓消解有机固体废弃物的产物,该文在均匀混合了一定量蛭石、磷肥和钾肥的新鲜蚓粪中复配不同量氮肥,利用温室大棚进行蚓粪复合基质的辣椒育苗研究。结果表明,在辣椒幼苗整个生长期,蚓粪复合基质中添加0.5kg/m3尿素处理(F1)的开展度、株高、叶片数、总鲜(干)重和茎叶鲜(干)重最大,添加1.0kg/m3尿素处理(F2)的株高、茎粗、总鲜(干)重、茎叶鲜重、根鲜重等比添加2.0kg/m3尿素处理(F3)和市售育苗基质(CK)大。壮苗指数、G值和根冠比等综合指标也表明F1和F2比对CK更有利于辣椒幼苗壮苗形成;F1和F2辣椒幼苗叶绿素含量在苗前期较高,而苗中后期F3的效果逐步转好;幼苗生长中后期F2的根长、根表面积、根直径和根体积都比F1和F3大;蚓粪复合基质中过量氮肥添加量在苗初期导致了辣椒成苗率下降。新鲜蚓粪与蛭石按4:1的体积比混合后,添加适量无机养分制成的复合基质可以作为辣椒育苗基质,其对幼苗生长促进效果显著好于对照市售基质;蚓粪复合基质中添加中低量氮肥(0.5～1.0kg尿素/m3)有利于辣椒形成壮苗,并缩短育苗周期;苗中前期氮肥添加对辣椒幼苗存活有明显的影响,而苗中后期无影响。

Effects of Vermicompost Substrate on Capsicum Seedlings

Vermicompost is one of the products produced in the process of using earthworm to biologically study, effect of vermicompost substrate formulated with different nitrogen dosages on seedling development in capsicum were systematically investigated, with an aim to understand the role of vermicompost in raising strong seedling in greenhouse vegetable production. Results were showed as following. The capsicum seedlings developed in F1 had the highest leaf expandedness, plant height leaf number and fresh and dry weight of whole seedling plant, leaf and stem in all seedling development stages. Plant height, stem diameter, fresh and dry weight of whole plant, fresh weight of root, stem and leaf, of the capsicum seedling in F2 was higher than those of the seedlings in F3 and CK. Data of strong seedling index, root/shoot ratio and growth function also indicated that F1 and F2 was more promising in raising strong capsicum seedlings, compared to CK. The capsicum seedlings raised in F1 and F2 had higher chlorophyll content in early stage, while those in F3 had higher chlorophyll content in late stage. In early and middle stage, root length, surface area, diameter and volume of capsicum seedlings raised in F2 were higher than those in F1 and F3. Over-rated nitrogen addition decreased the survival rate of capsicum seedlings. Based on this study, we can conclude that: Fresh vermicompost mixed with vermiculite (4:1, v:v) and suitable amount of nitrogen fertilizer (urea) could be used as substrate in nursery bed to raise capsicum seedlings and its promotive effect on seedling growth was better than the commercial substrate which is usually made from chicken feces and peat.. The optimum amount of urea added to vermicompost substrate for capsicum seedling development was 0.5-1.0 kg/ m3.