Non-destructive Method of Frog (Rana esculenta L.) Skeleton Elemental Analysis Used During Environmental Assessment

Amphibians, particularly frogs, are increasingly used as bioindicators of contaminant accumulation in pollution studies. Their use for field scientific purposes is limited because most frog species are endangered and protected in most countries; killing of specimens are not allowed. The aim of our study was to work out and assess a method by which the elemental contents of frog bones could be estimated effectively based on the toe bones. For this purpose, Rana esculenta L. individuals were collected from an urban pond in Debrecen city (Hungary). The following large bones were also analysed: skull, spinal, femur, tibia–fibula, tarsal bones, metatarsus, humerus and digits from front and hind limbs. In the bones, P, Ca, Mg, Mn, Na, S and Zn elements were measured. The elemental contents of large bones were significantly correlated with bones weight in the case of each element. The elemental contents of phalanges were also estimated based on the large bones. The measured and the estimated elemental contents of phalanges were not different significantly based on the tibia–fibula, metatarsalis bones, front and hind limb digits. Elemental analysis based on phalanges adds a further way of use of phalanges. Frogs using their phalanges could be useful indicators in the assessment of environmental contamination.