山西省小麦品种与小麦叶锈菌相互作用研究

用山西省七个地区的142个小麦叶锈菌株,分别对山西省的48个小麦品种(包括当前生产品种26个,区试品种15个和抗源材料7个)接种,研究两者的相互作用。通过毒力频率,抗性指数的测定,毒性公式和联合抗病性的分析,可以看出,山西省现在生产上大面积推广的小麦品种中有20个都属于高度感染叶锈病的类型,参加区试的后备品种抗叶锈性也差。抗源材料中也只有中四和中五表现高抗。因此,寻找新的抗源材料和培育抗叶锈病的品种,是急待解决的问题。有些品种例如北京10号、农大139、雁8013等虽然表现为感染叶锈病。但对叶锈菌群体的不同茵株表现3-侵染型的百分率较高,有一定的抗锈性,可结合抗条锈性和农艺性状作进一步的改进和利用。育种单位用的主要抗源如洛夫林10、洛夫林13、山前麦和高加索等,对山西叶锈菌群体的反应表现为中度或高度感染,反映山西省叶锈菌的群体毒性比北京、河北、河南、新疆的都强,值得注意。

Study on the Interaction of Wheat Cultivars of Shanxi and Leaf Rust of Shanxi

A total of 48 wheat cultivars, inclubing 26 commercial cultivars, 15 cultivars participating in regional test and 7 sources of resistance were inoculated with 142 isolates of puecinia recondita f. sp. tritici collected from 7 regions of Shanxi province respectively. Through analysis of resistance index, virulence formula and resistance association, 20 widely grown cultivars were shown to be highly susceptible to leaf rust and those of the regional test were also poor in resistance. Only Chinese4 and Chinese 5 among the sources of resistance showed low reaction. It was thus suggested that breeding of wheat for leaf rust resin'tahoe was urgently needed. There were certain cultivars such as Beijing 10,Agric. Univ. 139 and Yen 8013, though appeared to be susceptible, yet they had certain degree of resistance owing to the fact that they showed 3-type of infection in high percentage toward the population of rust tested. Further improvement and utility should be made in connection with the stripe rust resistance and agronomic characters concerned. The major sources of resistance, Lovrin 10, Lovrin 13, predgornaia 2 and kavkez, showed intermediately or highly susceptible to leaf rust. As compared with the past rtesalts, it seemed that the virulence of population of p. recondita f. sp. tritici of Shanxi was more virulent than those of Beijing, Hedei, Henan and Xinjiang.